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01 Programming Concepts

A program is a set of instructions that performs a task, while programming is the process of writing programs. Software includes programs that enable hardware to function and is divided into system software and application software. Programming languages allow communication with computers and include high-level languages like C++ and Java, and low-level languages like assembly. Compilers and interpreters translate programs from a high-level language into machine-readable code. C has been influential in systems programming and remains widely used.

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Raza Ahmad
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17 views

01 Programming Concepts

A program is a set of instructions that performs a task, while programming is the process of writing programs. Software includes programs that enable hardware to function and is divided into system software and application software. Programming languages allow communication with computers and include high-level languages like C++ and Java, and low-level languages like assembly. Compilers and interpreters translate programs from a high-level language into machine-readable code. C has been influential in systems programming and remains widely used.

Uploaded by

Raza Ahmad
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Programming Concepts

Instruction, Program, Software


Program V/S Programming
• Program:
• A set of instructions in sequence which perform certain task or solve a
problem
• Instruction:
• A set of tokens/words which are arranged in syntactical order to perform a
single operation by computer processor

• Programming:
• The concepts and fundamentals required to write a program is called
programming
Software
• Computer System divided into two categories
• Hardware – physical or visible components of system i.e. Monitor, CPU
• Software – collection of programs which enable hardware to perform tasks
• Software mainly divided into two categories
• System Software:
• Maintains system resources(hardware) and gives path to run application software
• Windows, Linux, Android,
• Application Software:
• All user specific tasks are performed by Application software
• Games Application, MS Office,
Programming Languages
• Programming languages are computer languages used to
communicate with computer to program different application and
system software
• Generally there are two type of programming languages
• High Level Programming Languages – Instructions are Eng. Statements(Source
Code )
• C, C++, Java, Python,
• Low Level Programming Languages – Instructions are in zero one format or
words format( Machine Code)
• Assembly Language: Instructions are basically words – MOV a b
• Absolute Machine Language: Instructions are in binary format
Compiler/Interpreter Software

• Each High level language comes with its Compiler or Interpreter


software that converts source code into Object code

• Compiler – Scan the entire program and translates it as a whole into


machine code.

• Interpreter – Translate program one statement at a time

• IDE Software – Integrated Development Environment software


C Programming Language History
ALGOL International Group (1960)
BCPL Martin Richards (1967)
B Ken Thompson (1970)
Traditional C Denis Ritchie (1972)
K&RC Kernighan and Ritchie (1978)
ANSI C ANSI Committee (1983)
ANSI ISO C ISO Committee (1990)
C99 Standardization Committee (1999)
Features of C Programming Language
C provides:
• Efficiency, high performance and high quality
• Many high-level and low-level operations
• Provide functionality through rich set of functions libraries
• Gateway for other professional languages like C++, Java
C is used:
• System software Compilers, Editors, embedded systems
• Data compression, graphics and computational geometry, utility programs
• Databases, operating systems, device drivers, system level routines
• There are zillions of lines of C legacy code
• Also used in application programs
Flow of Execution of C Program

Editor / IDE Preprocessor Compiler Linker Loader CPU

Write Source
Preprocess Compile Link Edit Load Execute
Code

Build Run

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