COLLEGE OF INFORMATICS

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

INTERNSHIP AT WOLAITA SODO UNIVERSITY ICT DIRECTORATE
SUBMITTED TO THE DEPT. OF COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
INTERNSHIP: NETWORK ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY: KAWOTO BOGALE (RU1848/12), YOHANIS ZEKARIAS (RU0932/12)
SUPERVISOR AT WSU ICT DIRECTORATE: MR. ABRAHAM
SUPERVISOR AT CAMPUS: MR. DERIBA
DURATION: NOV 13, 2023 - JAN 19, 2024
SUBMISSION DATE: 2/14/2024

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 CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1, Historical Background and overviews

 Wolaita Sodo University was established on 24 March 2007 by proclamation.
 The university started its duty with 16 undergraduate programs and 807 students.
 Now over 35,000 active students; until 2019 the university has graduated 57,188 students.
 There are 1,626 Academic, and 3,770 Administrative staff.
 It is approximately 339 kilometers(210.65 Miles) far from Addis Ababa, Ethiopian southwest
direction.
 The university has three campuses: Gandaba Campus, Otona Campus, and Tercha Campus.
 Wolayita Sodo University has 58 undergraduate programs, 43 postgraduate programs, 6 Doctor of
Philosophy programs, and 4 Medical specialty programs.

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 Mission of WSU ICT directory

 The mission of the ICT Directorate is to play a major enabling role in strengthening the
operational missions of the University, namely learning-teaching, research and innovation,
community engagements, institutional development, and administration.

Vision of WSU ICT directory

 One of the WSU ICT directory visions is to give an active network for WSU. As WSU know
they use old networking systems and wiring systems in the University. In case they plan to
change it in the coming years to HUAWEI, it is more advanced at this time.

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 Organizational Structure

 Information and Communication Technology Directorate reports to the Office of the President as it is
responsible for the provision of ICT infrastructure, services, and systems for the four operational domains
of the University: Learning-teaching, research and innovation, community engagements, and governance
services.
 The directorate’s governance structure embodies five operational units:
 ICT Infrastructure and Services Unit
 Business Applications Development and Administration Unit
 Teaching-Learning Technologies Unit
 ICT Support and Maintenance Unit
 ICT Training and Consultancy Services Unit

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 Objectives
To apply our theoretical knowledge in practice, effectively solve networking-related
problems, and enhance our skills to benefit our future company.

General Objective
 The main objective of this internship is Network Installation at the Wolayita Sodo
University ICT Center.

Specific Objective
To perform the objective of the field practice, the following specific activities are necessary to
perform the general objective of the study: -
 To study the existing environment regarding Network Installation within the Wolayita Sodo
University ICT Center.

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 CHAPTER TWO
Work, Responsibilities and Assignments
 We took our internship time at WSU in the Department of Information Communication Technology.
During our field Practice, we learned basic skills about networking and we observed the network
infrastructure in WSU.
 We have used different materials related to network and network devices.

Tasks we have been executing

Task1: Cable crimping and arrangement
 This is a basic and easy part of network installation and it is a part of different tasks in
networking. In this task, we practiced all three types of crimping cable and we familiarized
ourselves more because it comes in different aspects of networking

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 Cont…

Task2: How to configure switch

 During our internship at Wolaita Sodo University, we learned how to configure network switches using
Cisco Packet Tracer. Switches connect computers in a network and help manage network traffic by
creating VLANs.

Figure3: Switch

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 Task 3: We observed the WSU data center

 Wolayita Sodo University uses a hierarchical network design model, which uses a layered approach to
network design. The building block components are the access layer, the distribution layer, and the core
(backbone) layer.
The university decided to use a hierarchal networking design because of the following advantages
 The network performance is very high.
 Simple to network management and troubleshooting faults.
 Troubleshooting is simple
 Scalable and allows for easy expansion

The building blocks of modular networks are easy to replicate, redesign, and expand. There should be
no need to redesign the whole network each time a module is added or removed.

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 Figure: Hieratical Campus Network Design

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 A. Core Layer

 The core layer is sometimes called the network backbone. Routers and switches at the core layer provide
high-speed connectivity. The core layer may connect multiple lines, fast and extremely resilient because
every building block depends on it for connectivity.

Figure: WSU data center structure

B. Distribution Layer

 The distribution layer represents a routing boundary between the access layer and the core layer. It
also serves as a connection point between remote sites and the core layer.

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 C. Access Layer
 The access layer is the first point of entry into the network for edge devices, end stations, and IP phones.
The access layer is used to control user access to the internetwork resources. The network designer has
to facilitate the traffic generated from the access layer as it is bound for other segments or other layers
within the network.

Core Switch
 Core switches serve as the gateway to a wide area network (WAN) or the Internet - they provide the final
aggregation point for the network and allow multiple aggregation modules to work together.

Figure: Network distribution of WSU

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 What is a core switch used for?

 The core switch is used to send data to the distribution switch and protects high collusion of data in
between distribution switches. It sends data by fiber optic cable.
 A core switch has layers 3 capabilities and therefore does routing of packets like Routers within VLANS in a
campus LAN.

Figure: WSU Core switch

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 Distribution switch
 A distribution switch is a distribution layer switch, which links to the upper layer core switch and links
down to the access/edge switch. Simply put, an aggregation switch in between functions is a bridge
between the core layer switch and the access layer switch.

Figure WSU09- Distribution switch

Access switch
 An access switch allows users to connect to the network. On this account, the access switch is normally
endowed with the supportable features of port security, VLANs, Fast Ethernet/Gigabit Ethernet, etc
 Access layer switches allow users to set the VLANs for the end node devices on the network.

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 CHAPTER THREE
3. Technical Aspect of the Internship
We have basic theoretical and practical knowledge about network and network materials such as:-
• Crimping network cable
• Network installation
• Wi-Fi Network Material/tools
• Network Infrastructure
• How to configure the switch and router
• Data Center

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 Methods and procedures

Methods or procedures we have seen in crimping UTP cables:

Prepare all the materials needed.
• Cut into the plastic sheath from the end of the cut cable.
• Unwind and pair similar colors.
• Pinch the wires between your fingers and straighten them out as shown. The color order is
important to get the correct
• Carefully push all 8 un-stripped colored wires into the RJ 45 connector.
• A view from the top: All the wires are all the way in. There are no short wires.
• Check the cable.

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Methods or procedures we have seen in configuring the router:-
• Turn on the router.
• Connect your computer to the router.
• Launchawebbrowserandenterhtttp://tplinkwifi.net.
• Click next to start the quick setup.
• elect Access point and follow the step-by-step instruction of the Quick Setup to
set up the internet connection.
• Then press the finish button.

Methods or procedures we have seen in Access switch configuration:-

Switch in different mode depends on commands.

• Setting the Host name and Configure Console password.
• Create and Configure VLAN on the Access switch.
• Assign ports to different VLANS and Ethernet channel configurations.
• Then save and exit.

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 Technical tasks/products
Crimping network cables
A. Straight through Ethernet cables:- is the most common type and is used to connect different
network devices such as:-
• Computers to hubs or switch
• Switch to router
• Switch to server

Side One Side Two

1. White/Orange 1. White/Orange
2. Orange 2. Orange
3. White/Green 3. White/Green
4. Blue 4. Blue
5. White/Blue 5. White/Blue
6. Green 6. Green
7. White/Brown 7. White/Brown
8. Brown 8. Brown

Table: two endings of Straight through cable

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 How to make standard cable:-
Cut into the plastic sheath from Unwind and pair similar colors
the end of the cut cable

Figure12: unwind cable

Figure: Cut cable

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• Pinch the wires between your fingers
• Carefully push all 8 un-stripped
and straighten them out as shown.
colored wires into the RJ 45
The color order is important to get
connector
correct.

Figure: Pinch the wire Figure14: push the cable

A view from the top: All the wires are

in. There are no short wires
Crimping the cable:
 carefully place the connector into
the Ethernet Crimper and cinch
down on the handles tightly.
 Then make sure to test cables
before installing them.

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 B. Crossover cable Ethernet cable
 It is used to directly connect one computer to another computer without going
through a router, switch, or hub.
 Is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect similar devices directly.
 use two different wiring standards: one end uses the T568A wiring standard and the
other end-use T568B wiring standard

Side One Side Two

1-whiteorange 1-whitegreen

2-orange 2-green

3-whitegreen 3-whiteorange

4-blue 4-blue

5-whiteblue 5-whiteblue

6-green 6-orange

7-whitebrown 7-whitebrown

8-brown 8-brown

Table: two endings of crossover cable

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C. Rollover Ethernet cable:-
Also known as Yost cable, Cisco cable, or console cable) is a type of null-modem cable that is used to connect
a computer terminal to a router’s console port.
Side One Side Two

1 white-orange 1.brown
2. orange 2.white- brown
3. white- green 3.green
4. blue 4.white -blue
5. white-blue 5.blue
6. green 6.white-green
7. white- brown 7.orange
8. Brown 8.white-orange

Table: two endings of rollover cable

Figure Rollover cable order

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 Network installation
 At WSU we made one empty room as a computer lab through the process of
network installation and we got knowledge about how to install a network by using
different network devices such as switches, hubs, etc.

 Network Node:- is a connection point or an endpoint for data transmissions.

 Console Cable:- is used for connecting your computer's serial port to the RJ-45
console port on most Cisco equipment.
 Puncher: A puncher is a device used to cut the insulation part of the cables and
put them in the hole of the ports or the socket (the one placed on the wall) as
well as cut down the extra length of the cables.

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 Header/data jack: is attached to the boxer face plate at the backside which is
used to terminate the UTP cat6 cable. Also for generating the UTP cat6 cable.
 Screwdriver:- This tool is used to drive the bolt to in the trunk with the wall.
 Cable trunk/Trucking: This is used to hold the cables together and pass along
the wall to transfer network cables to another place. The purpose of the trunk
is to prevent the Cat 6 UTP cable and fiber optic cable from being damaged.
 Drill Machine: A drill machine used to drill the wall to connect the trunk and
node to the wall.

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 Knowledge and Acquaintances Acquired
 In our entire internship, we gained very different knowledge and this
knowledge is helpful in our everyday lives. The following are the basic skills we
got from the full internship.

Technical Skills Gained

 Configuring, managing, and maintaining networking equipment: Routers

and Switch
 Instating, configuring, and administering network technologies
 VLAN configuration
 Basic skills such as: - crimping, drilling, cable trucking, etc.

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 Management Skills Gained

 Plan and order the team

 Inspiration of the group to perform the task effectively
 Attending on time and being a model to others
 Appreciating the team for their good work
 Helping and showing the way to the when the team faces challenges.

Acquaintances Acquired
 we have learned that it is how well you communicate with someone &
and how well you behave or carry yourself.
 we had a good relationship with staff members which enabled us to ask
whatever questions we had.

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 Contributions

Some of our contributions are:

 We played a crucial role in the installation of the network in the veterinary
block.
 We checked three switches out of five that were not giving any.
 We solved the problem related with networking cable and we fixed it.
 These all are our basic contributions to the company, but not only have we
had also an important role in checking and solving problems in the
professionals' office when they call us or the supervisor orders us on the full
Wi-Fi installation in Techno Campus in WSU.

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 CHAPTER FOUR
4. General Comments and Conclusions

Problems Encountered During the Internship Period

Some of the challenges that we have faced during our field practices:
 1. Material limitations at internship start.
 2. Punctuality issue in field practice.
 3. WSU ICT program division incomplete.
 4. Employees not sharing talents.
 5. Lack of technical support.

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 Measures taken to overcome the challenges

 1. Proactive approach to address material limitations by requesting support

from the ICT director.
 2. Implementation of a structured schedule for practical work over three
months to ensure completion of tasks.
 3. Utilization of self-learning and reading to compensate for lack of technical
support.
 4. Acquisition of valuable skills such as problem-solving, teamwork, hard
work, reading habits, and persistence through the internship experience.

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 General Suggestions and Comments to the Company
 The basic idea we considered and we want to suggest to the company is that
the network topology is random and it should be organized in a modern way,
this is used to control the overall network simply.
Summary and Conclusion
 In conclusion, our internship experience at WSU has been invaluable in
providing us with practical knowledge and skills in configuring network tools
such as switches and routers, as well as installing networks through tasks
like drilling, crimping, and VLAN configurations.
 We are grateful to WSU and our university, BHU, for the opportunity to
deepen our understanding of network installation and for their support
throughout our internship.
 This experience has been a pivotal moment in our lives, equipping us with
essential skills that will serve us well in our future careers.

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 Recommendations
Foster positive & supportive environment for students
 - Address prevalent negative staff attitude
 - Support student learning in maintenance & system development
 - Encourage positive approach towards students
 - Showcase student skills & support development
 - Students play significant role in country's progress

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