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Seminar Topic ON Galvanic Corrosion Parameters: Prepared by

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SEMINAR TOPIC ON Galvanic Corrosion parameters

PREPARED BY :
AJESH BABU

ROLL NO-901

BE IV(MET.& MTRLS ENGG.) METALLURGICAL & MATERIALS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING


M.S UNIVERSITY OF BARODA VADODARA

WHAT IS GALVANIC CORROSION?


Galvanic corrosion occurs when two metals or alloys with different electrochemical potentials or with different tendencies to corrode are in metal-to-metal contact in a corrosive electrolyte. It is a form of Wet corrosion

Galvanic reaction is exploited in dry cell to generate a voltage.

Four essential things necessary for galvanic corrosion : Electrolyte corrosive medium that conducts electricity. Anode one which is less positive or negative emf value. Cathode one which is more positive or positive emf value. Metallic pathway for the flow of electrons from anode to cathode.

Factors affecting Galvanic Corrosion : Position of metal in galvanic series Nature of the environment
Area , distance and geometric effects

Position of metal in galvanic series: Further apart the metals in galvanic series, the greater is the chance of galvanic corrosion. Active metal should not be joined with the passive metal for e.g Al should not be joined with steel as Al being more active would tend to corrode. Metals selected should be close to each other in galvanic series to minimize galvanic corrosion

NATURE OF ENVIRONMENT : The environment surrounding the metal must be given due consideration. For e.g water containing Cu ions (seawater) forms galvanic cell on steel surface & if water is acidic (salt) galvanic reaction is accelerated because of increased ionization of electrolyte. In cold climate galvanic corrosion of buried material is reduced because of increased resistivity of soil & in warm climate it is reversed.

Temperature :- Galvanic corrosion increases with


the increase in temperature

Concentration :- Galvanic corrosion increases


with the increase in concentration

Oxygen Availability :- Galvanic corrosion also


depends upon the oxygen availability & scarcity.

Area, Distance & Geometric Effects :-

Effect of Area :- The rate of Corrosion


increases with the ratio of cathodic to anodic areas. e.g . the metal with smallest area has the largest current density & is more damaged if corrosion occurs at it.

The GALVANIC TABLE indicates that iron is anodic with respect to copper and therefore is more rapidly corroded when placed in contact with it. This effect is greatly accelerated if the area of the iron is small in comparison to the area of the copper, as shown below.

Steel rivets on a copper bar submerged in 3% sodium chloride solution at the start of the experiment

Steel rivets on a copper bar submerged in 3% sodium chloride solution after six months

Steel rivets on a copper bar submerged in 3% sodium chloride solution after ten months

However, under the reverse conditions when the area of the iron is very large compared to the copper, the corrosion of the iron is only slightly accelerated.

Copper rivets on a steel bar submerged in 3% sodium chloride solution at the start of the experiment

Copper rivets on a steel bar submerged in 3% sodium chloride solution after six months

Copper rivets on a steel bar submerged in 3% sodium chloride solution after ten months

Effect of Distance :- If two different metals


are far away from each other, there would be no risk of galvanic corrosion because of very little current flow.

Effect of Geometry :- As current does not


flow around the corners geometry of circuit affects the degree of galvanic corrosion. Any obstacle to polarization would accelerate galvanic corrosion.

Reference : Nace Volume 1 Principles of Corrosion Engineering & Corrosion Control Zaki Ahmad Google Wikipedia Electrochemistry & corrosion science Nestor Perez An introduction to Electrometallurgy Sharan & Narain

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