Glucose

Topic:
Blood Glucose
Level Control
What is Blood Glucose?
 Blood glucose, also known as blood sugar, is the primary source of
energy for our bodies.
 Needed during the cellular respiration to produce the needed
energy called ATP.
 Our brain needs 120g of glucose per day.
 It comes from the food we eat and is regulated by insulin, a
hormone produced by the pancreas.
 The level of glucose in the blood can vary throughout the day.
Glucose
 Building block of
Carbohydrates
 A simple sugar-
Monosaccharide
Food intake protein
AMINO ACID
fats
lipids
Carbohydrates
glucose
Why is Blood Glucose Level Control Important?
 Consistently high or low blood glucose levels can have serious
health consequences.
 High blood glucose levels can lead to complications such as
diabetes, heart disease, and nerve damage.
 Low blood glucose levels can cause dizziness, confusion, and, in
severe cases, loss of consciousness.
Homeostasis
 is the regulation of
conditions in the body such
as temperature, water
content and BLOOD
GLUCOSE levels.
STIMULUS
 Change in Blood Glucose
level
 Set point 140 mg/dL
Volume of blood in the BODY
 4,500 to 5,700 mL
 45 to 57 dL 140 mg/dL
 140 mg = 0.41 g
*** 7 grams of glucose
Negative feedback Loop
Negative feedback
Loop
Insulin and Glucose
key
Glucose is absorbed by the liver and muscle
cells and stores it as GLYCOGEN
Glucagon is released to tell the liver
to release glucose
GLYCOGEN is broken down
More
Glucose
beta
returns
Insulin
glycogen
returns alpha
glucagon
glucose Less
glucose
Glycogen
 chain of glucose
 A polysaccharide
glucose
Glucagon
 hormone released by the alpha
cells in the pancreas to break
down glycogen into GLUCOSE
 increase the glucose level in
the bloodstream
insulin
 Hormone released by beta cells in the
pancreas to bind receptors in some body
cells like liver and muscles
 ABSORB glucose from the bloodstream and
store it as GLYCOGEN
Diabetes
 is a condition where the body
cannot regulate its blood
glucose levels.
Diabetes
 is a condition where the
e d
a g
blood glucose levels remain too
high. a n
m e
n b
c a
t it
u
B be cured
Can’t
Care plan
 Check blood sugar level regularly

 Do regular exercise
 Check what you eat
2 types of Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes
 a disorder in which the pancreas fails to produce enough insulin.
 This can be detected from an early age.
 It is characterized by uncontrolled high blood glucose levels
 It can be controlled by injecting insulin.
Type 2 diabetes
 the person's body cells no longer respond to insulin produced by
the pancreas.
 It is more common in older people.
 It can be controlled by a carbohydrate controlled diet and an
exercise regime. Carbohydrate is digested into glucose, which
raises the overall blood glucose level.
Type 2 diabetes
 There is a correlation between rising
levels of obesity in the general
population and increasing levels of
Type 2 diabetes.
Early Signs of Diabetes
 Hunger and fatigue
 Peeing more often and thirstier
 Dry mouth and itchy skin
 Blurred vision
Hypoglycemia
 low blood sugar
 Shaky
 Nervous or anxious
 Sweaty, chilly
Hyperglycemia
 high blood sugar
 Heavy thirst
 Blurry vision
 Peeing a lot
 More hunger
Strategies for Blood Glucose Level Control:
Healthy Eating:
 Follow a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and
lean proteins.
 Limit the consumption of sugary and processed foods.
 Monitor carbohydrate intake and distribute it evenly throughout
the day
Regular Physical Activity:
 Engage in moderate-intensity exercises like walking, jogging, or
cycling.
 Exercise helps lower blood glucose levels by increasing insulin
sensitivity.
 Consult with a healthcare professional to create an exercise plan
suitable for your condition.
Regular Blood Glucose Monitoring:
 Monitor blood glucose levels using a glucose meter or continuous
glucose monitoring (CGM) system.
 Regular monitoring helps track patterns and make necessary
adjustments to diet, exercise, and medication.
Stress Management:
 High levels of stress can affect blood glucose levels.
 Practice stress-reducing techniques like deep breathing,
meditation, or engaging in hobbies.
Summary
Blood Effect on Effect on Effect on
Glucose Pancreas Liver Blood
Level Glucose
level
Insulin Liver converts

Goes
Too secreted glucose
into the
into Down
high blood
glycogen
Glucagon is Glycogen is
Too secreted into converted to Goes
the blood glucose
low up
Thank you

Glucose

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 Check blood sugar level regularly

Insulin Liver converts

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