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    MYP Naming Organic Compounds

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    Regine Balagtas
    The document discusses naming conventions for organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, and haloalkanes. Key suffixes and prefixes are outlined for identifying functional groups and indicating structure such as -ane, -ene, -yne, -ol, -al, -one, -oic acid, and halogen prefixes. Steps for systematic naming include identifying the parent chain and functional groups.

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    MYP Naming Organic Compounds

    Uploaded by

    Regine Balagtas
    12 views24 pages
    The document discusses naming conventions for organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, and haloalkanes. Key suffixes and prefixes are outlined for identifying functional groups and indicating structure such as -ane, -ene, -yne, -ol, -al, -one, -oic acid, and halogen prefixes. Steps for systematic naming include identifying the parent chain and functional groups.

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    The document discusses naming conventions for organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, and haloalkanes. Key suffixes and prefixes are outlined for identifying functional groups and indicating structure such as -ane, -ene, -yne, -ol, -al, -one, -oic acid, and halogen prefixes. Steps for systematic naming include identifying the parent chain and functional groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views24 pages

    MYP Naming Organic Compounds

    Uploaded by

    Regine Balagtas
    The document discusses naming conventions for organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, ethers, and haloalkanes. Key suffixes and prefixes are outlined for identifying functional groups and indicating structure such as -ane, -ene, -yne, -ol, -al, -one, -oic acid, and halogen prefixes. Steps for systematic naming include identifying the parent chain and functional groups.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    Naming Organic

    Compounds
    Alkanes (general formula: CnH2n+2)

    • (1) consisting only of H and C atoms


    • (2) All bonds are single bonds.
    Naming Alkanes
    • 1) Find the longest continuous carbon
    chain. It is known as main chain.
    No. of C atom Stem
    1 meth-
    2 eth-
    3 prop-
    4 but-
    5 pent-
    6 hex-
    7 hept-
    8 oct-
    9 non-
    10 dec-
    • Add –ane as a suffix to this stem.

    Example 1:

    CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3


    Butane

    CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

    Hexane
    H2
    CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 C CH2

    CH2
    Main chain
    CH3

    Side chain
    • 2) Side chain are ended with suffix –yl.
    • 3) Number the main chain consecutively,
    starting at the end nearest a side chain.

    Example 2:
    H2 H2
    CH3 CH CH2 C C CH3
    2-methylhexane

    CH3

    CH3 CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3


    3-ethylhexane
    CH2

    CH3
    Example 3: CH3

    CH3 CH2 CH CH CH2 CH2 CH3

    CH2
    3-ethyl-4-methylheptane
    CH3

    • 4) Listing side chain in alphabetical order


    CH3 CH3
    2,3-dimethylbutane
    CH3 CH CH CH3

    • The prefix di-, tri-, tetra- etc., used to


    designate several groups of the same kind,
    are not considered when alphabetizing.
    • Note that numbers are separated by
    commas, while a number and a letter
    are separated by a hyphen.
    CH3

    CH3 C CH2 CH3 2,2-dimethylbutane


    CH3

    CH3 CH3

    CH3 CH2 C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

    CH3
    3,3,6-trimethyloctane
    Naming Organic Compounds (Continued…)
    • (1) Find and name the longest continuous carbon
    chain.
    • (2) Identify the type of bonding in the carbon chain
    • All single bonds in the carbon chain -ane
    • One double bond in the carbon chain -ene
    • One triple bond in the carbon chain -yne
    Example:
    CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3 butane
    CH3 CH CH CH2 CH3 pent-2-ene
    CH3 C CH prop-1-yne (propyne)
    H2
    H3 C C C C CH2 CH3 hex-3-ene
    H H
    CH3
    H 3-methylpent-1-ene
    CH3 CH2 C C CH2
    H

    CH3

    CH3 CH2 C C C CH3


    H 4-methylhex-2-yne
    (3) Identify the functional group joined to the chain
    Class name Functional group suffix

    Alcohol -OH -ol


    O
    Aldehyde -CHO C H
    -al
    O
    Ketone -CO- C C C
    -one
    O
    Carboxylic Acid -COOH -oic acid
    C OH

    Ether -oxyalkane
    C O C

    Functional group are the reactive part of molecules.

    • (4) Numbers are used to give the positions of


    functional groups.
    Example (Alcohol):
    H2
    CH3 CH2 C OH propan-1-ol
    H
    CH3 C CH3 propan-2-ol

    OH
    Carbonyl compounds-formulae
    Structure carbonyl groups consists of
    a carbon-oxygen double bond

    the bond is polar due to the


    difference in electronegativity

    Difference aldehydes - at least one H attached to the carbonyl group


    CH3
    H
    C=O
    C=O
    H
    H
    ketones - two carbons attached to the carbonyl group
    CH3 C2H5
    C=O C=O
    CH3 CH3
    Carbonyl compounds-formulae

    Aldehydes and ketones with the same number of C


    atoms are functional group isomers (CnH2nO)
    Molecular C3H6O

    Structural C2H5CHO CH3COCH3


    C2H5 CH3
    C=O C=O
    H CH3

    H H H H O H

    Displayed H C C C O H C C C H

    H H H H

    Skeletal O O
    Carbonyl compounds-formulae
    Aldehydes C2H5CHO propanal

    Ketones CH3COCH3 propanone

    CH3CH2COCH3 butanone

    CH3COCH2CH2CH3 pentan-2-
    one

    CH3CH2COCH2CH3 pentan-3-
    one
    Example (ketone):
    O
    propanone
    CH3 C CH3

    O
    H2
    CH3 C C CH3 Butanone
    Example (Aldehyde):
    O
    H2 propanal
    CH3 C C H

    Example (Carboxylic acid):

    CH3 C OH ethanoic acid

    H C OH methanoic acid
    Alcohol -OH -ol
    O
    Aldehyde -CHO C H
    -al
    O
    Ketone -CO- C C C
    -one
    O
    Carboxylic Acid -COOH -oic acid
    C OH

    Halogenoalkane F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, Fluoro-, Chloro-,


    bromo-, Iodo-
    Example (Halogenoalkane):

    CH3 CH2 Cl chloroethane

    H
    CH3 CH2 C CH3 2- bromobutane

    Br

    CH3I Iodomethane
    Naming Ether
    Naming Ester
    Ethyl ethanoate

    Esters have a very sweet


    fruity smell. Naturally
    occurring esters are found
    in fruits and flowers.

    Ethyl butanoate
    Propyl ethanoate
    Naming Ester

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