MATERIAL

DESIGNATION
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VIKAS KUMAR
DESIGNATION OF UNALLOYED STEEL
THE DESIGNATION CONSISTS OF CHEMICAL
SYMBOL C AND THE CARBON INDEX.
C15, C20, C40.

FOR FURTHER DIFFERENTIATION, SYMBOL C IS

FOLLOWED BY LETTER INDICATING THE GRADE.

f =FLAME AND INDUCTION HARDENING STEEL

k =SPECIAL STEEL WITH LOW P AND S
m =SPECIAL STEEL WITH GAURANTEED RANGE
q =CASE HARDENING AND HEAT TREATING
STEEL SUITABLE FOR COLD UPSETTING
DESIGNATION OF LOW ALLOYED STEEL
LOW ALLOY STEEL IS UPTO 5% ALLOYING ELEMTENTS
CARBON INDEX
EXPRESS THE CARBON CONTENT MULTIPLIED BY
THE FACTOR 100.
IN ORDER TO ARRIVE AT CARBON PERCENTAGE, IT
SHOULD BE DIVIDED BY 100.
THE LETTER C CAN BE DROPPED FOR THE SAKE
OF BRIEFNESS. THE CARBON INDEX IS ALWAYS
THE LEADING SYMBOL.
INDICIES FOR ALLOYING CONSTITUENTS AND
MULTIPLIERS.
THESE ARE INTENDED TO PRODUCE EASY TO
HANDLE ALLOYING INDICES (AVOIDING DECIMALS)
WHICH CAN BE EASILY ARRANGED BY
DECREASING PERCENTAGES.
INDICIES FOR LOW ALLOYING CONSTITUENTS
ALLOYING CONTITUENTS MULTIPLIER

Cr, Co, Mn, Ni, Si, W 4

Al, Be, Pb, Cu, Mo, Nb, Ta, Ti, V, Zr 10

P, S, N, Ce, C 100

B 1000

ROUND OFF INDICIES TO NEAREST 1

ALLOYING INDICIES ARE ARRIVED AT BY
MULTIPLYING THE SPECIFIED MEAN PERCENTAGE
LOW ALLOYING CONSTITUENTS,
EXAMPLE

Example 13 CrMo 4-5

0.08 to 0.18, 0.13(Average) x 100 = 13
CrMo = Chrome and Molybdenum are the alloys
used to specify the steel.
Cr = 0.7 to 1.15, 0.925(Average) x 4 = 4
Mo = 0.4 to 0.6, 0.5(Average) x 10 = 5
INDICIES FOR HIGH ALLOYING CONSTITUENTS

HIGH ALLOY STEEL IS WHEN AT LEAST ONE ELEMENT IS

ABOVE 5%

CARBON RETAINS ITS MULTIPLIER OF 100. THE MULTIPLIER

OF ALL OTHER CONSTITUENTS IS 1.

TO DISTINGUISH HIGH ALLOY STEEL FROM LOW ALLOY

STEEL, THE DESIGNATION OF THESE GRADES IS PRECEDED
BY CAPITAL LETTER X.
X 10 Cr Ni 18 8 (TP 304) OR X 20 Cr 13 (TP410, HW10786)
DESIGNATION OF CAST STEEL GRADES

FOR HIGH ALLOY CAST STEEL GRADES, THE LETTER ,”G” IS BEING
EMPLOYED.
Example G X 7 Cr Ni Nb 18 9 ( High Alloy)
G STANDS FOR CASTING
C 7/100 0.07 AVERAGE
Cr 18 18 AVERAGE
Ni 9 9 AVERAGE
Nb Stabilized, Minimum 5XC
Example G17 CrMoV 5-10 (Low Alloy)
G STANDS FOR CASTING
C 17/100 0.17 AVERAGE(0.15-0.20)
Cr 5/4 1.25 AVERAGE(1.20-1.50)
Mo 10/10 1.00 AVERAGE(0.90-1.10)
DESIGNATION OF HEAT TREATMENT
CONDITION
DESIGNATION CONDITION
A TEMPERED
AH AGE HARDENED
AL ARTIFICIALLY AGED
B TREATED FOR MAX.MACHINABILTY
BF TREATED FOR CERTAIN UTS
BG TREATED FOR FERRITE-PEARLITE
C TREATED FOR IMPROVED COLD
SHEARING
E CASE HARDENED
G ANNEALED
GKZ SPHEROIDIZED
H HARDENED
HF WITH FLAME HARDENED SURFACE
DESIGNATION OF HEAT TREATMENT
CONDITION
DESIGNATION CONDITION

HJ WITH INDUCTION HARDENED SURFACE

K COLD WORKED
KXXX COLD WORKED TO A UTS XXX . 10N/mm2
KBK BRIGHT DRAWN
L SOLUTION ANNEALED
N NORMALISED
NT NITRIDED
S STRESS RELIEVED
SH PEELED OR ROUGH GROUND
U HOT FORMED, UNTREATED
V HARDENED AND TEMPERED
WK HOT-COLD WORKED
DESIGNATION OF WERKSTOFF NR. FOR STEEL AND STEEL
CASTINGS
STRUCTURE
THE WERKSTOFF NR. CONSISTS OF SEVEN DIGITS
AND IS STRUCTURED IN THE FOLLOWING WAY.
X.XXYY

Denotes sequential Number assigned

by the standards committee.
GRADE INDEX
MAJOR MATERIAL
CHARACTERISTICS

EXAMPLE 1.4401 (44 INDICATES STEEL WITH MIN.2%

Ni AND WITH Mo AND 01 IS JUST A RUNNING
SL.NO.)
THIS WEKSTOFF NR. INDICATES TP 316 GRADE
DESIGNATION OF WEKSTOFF NR. FOR STEEL AND STEEL
CASTINGS
MAJOR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTIC
0 PIG IRON AND FERROUS ALLOY
1 STEEL
2 HEAVY NON FERROUS METAL
3 LIGHT METALS
4-8 NON-METALLIC MATERIALS
9 FREE FOR OTHER USE
GRADE INDEX
THE FIRST TWO DIGITS ARE GRADE CLASSIFICATION
NUMBERS.
THE REMAINING TWO ARE RUNNING NUMBERS.

CLASSIFICATION NUMBERS ARE ARRANGED IN TWO BASIC

GROUPS:
COMMERCIAL GRADES (INCLUDING HIGHER-CARBON STEELS)
SPECIAL GRADES (ALLOY STEEL)
WITHIN THESE GROUPS, GRADES ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO TYPICAL
ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES.
RUNNING NUMBERS DO NOT REVEAL ANY INFIORMATION AS TO CARBON
CONTENT OR ALLOYING COSTITUENTS.
DESIGNATION OF WEKSTOFF NR. FOR STEEL AND STEEL
CASTINGS
GRADE INDEX STEEL GRADES

00 COMMERCIAL GRADES
01 – 07 UNALLOYED HIGH GRADE STEELS
08 – 09 ALLOYED HIGH GRADE STEELS
10 STEEL WITH SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
11-12 CARBON STEELS
13-14 BLANK
15-18 TOOL STEEL
19 BLANK
20 Cr
21 Cr-Si, Cr-Mn, Cr-Mn-Si
22 Cr-V, Cr-V-Mn, Cr-V-Si , Cr-V-Mn-Si
23 Mo,, Cr-Mo, Cr-Mo-V
24 W, Cr-W
25 W-V, Cr-W-V
26 W EXCEPT CLASSES 24,25 AND 27
27 WITH Ni
28 OTHER ALLOYS
29-30 BLANK
DESIGNATION OF WEKSTOFF NR. FOR STEEL AND STEEL
CASTINGS
GRADE INDEX STEEL GRADES
31 HARD ALLOYS
32 HIGH SPEED STEEL WITH Co
33 HIGH SPEED STEEL WITHOUT Co
34 WEAR RESISTING STEEL
35 ROLLER BEARING STEEL
36 ALLOYS WITH SPECIAL MAGNETIC PROPERTIES WITHOUT
Co
37 ALLOYS WITH SPECIAL MAGNETIC PROPERTIES WITH Co
38 SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES WITHOUT Ni
39 SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES WITH Ni
40 SS WITH 2%Ni MAX,WITHOUT Mo, Nb, Ti
41 SS WITH 2%Ni MAX,WITH Mo, WITHOUT Nb, Ti
42 SS
43 SS WITH 2%Ni MIN.,WITHOUT Mo, Nb, Ti
44 SS WITH 2%Ni MIN.,WITH Mo, WITHOUT Nb, Ti
45 SS WITH Cu, Nb OR Ti
46 ALLOYS FOR AEROSPACE INDUSTRIES
47-48 HEAT RESISTING STEELS
49 HIGH CREEP RESISTING MATERIALS
DESIGNATION OF WEKSTOFF NR. FOR STEEL AND STEEL
CASTINGS
GRADE INDEX STEEL GRADES
50 Mn, Si, Cu
51 Mn-Si, Mn-Cr
52 Mn-Si-V, Mn-CU, Mn-V, Si-V
53 Mn-Si-Ti, Mn-Ti, Mn-Si-Zr, Si-Ti
54 Mo, Mn-Mo, Si-Mo, Nb, Ti, V, W
55 MICRO ALLOYED CONSTRUCTION STEEL
56 Ni
57 Cr-Ni WITH 1% Cr MAX.
58 Cr-Ni WITH 1 - 1.5% Cr
59 Cr-Ni WITH 1.5 - 2% Cr
60 Cr-Ni WITH 2 - 3% Cr
61 BLANK
62 Ni-Si, Ni-Mn, Ni-Cu
63 Ni-Mo, Ni-Mo-Mn, Ni-Mo-Cu, Ni-Mo-V, Ni-Mn-V
64 BLANK
65 Cr-Ni-Mo WITH 0.4%MO MAX + 2%Ni MAX.
66 Cr-Ni-Mo WITH 0.4%MO MAX + 2% - 3.5%Ni
67 Cr-Ni-Mo WITH 3.5% - 5%Ni OR WITH 0.4%MO MIN.
DESIGNATION OF WEKSTOFF NR. FOR STEEL AND STEEL
CASTINGS
GRADE INDEX STEEL GRADES
68 Cr-Ni-V, Cr-Ni-W, Cr-Ni-V-W
69 Cr-Ni EXCEPT CLASSES 57 THROUGH 68
70 Cr
71 Cr-Si, Cr-Mn, Cr-Si-Mn.
72 Cr-Mo WITH 0.35% Mo MAX.
73 Cr-Mo WITH 0.35% Mo MIN.
74 BLANK
75 Cr-V WITH 2% Cr MAX.
76 Cr-V WITH 2% Cr MIN.
77 Cr-Mo-V
78 BLANK
79 Cr-Mn-Mo, Cr-Mn-Mo-V
80 Cr-Si-Mo, Cr-Si-Mn-Mo, Cr-Si-Mo-V, Cr-Si-Mn-Mo-V
81 Cr-Si-V, Cr-Mn-V, Cr-Si-Mn-V
82 Cr-Mo-W, Cr-Mo-W-V
83 BLANK
84 Cr-Si-Ti, Cr-Mn-Ti, Cr-Si-Mn-Ti
85 NITRIDING STEELS
86-87 BLANK
88 STEELS NOT INTENDED FOR FURTHER HEAT TREATMENT
89 WELDABLE HIGHER TENSILE STEELS
MATERIAL DESIGNATION, DIN EN 10025
BHEL SPECS AA 10119 MENTIONS EQUIVALENT
MATERIAL AS S275J2G3
SYMBOL EXPLANATION
S STRUCTURAL STEEL
275 MIN.275 MPa YS
J2 IMPACT AT -20DEG.C, MIN.27J
G3 NORMALISED/NORMALISED ROLLED
M THERMOMECHANICAL ROLLING
N NORMALISED ROLLING
AR AS ROLLED
NOTCH TOUGHNESS DESIGNATION
27J 40J TEMPERATURE DEG.C
JR KR 20
J0 K0 0
J2 K2 -20
REDUCTION IN AREA DESIGNATION
Z15 MIN.15%RA
Z25 MIN.25%RA
Z36 MIN.35%RA
AISI Stainless Steel Alloy Designations
Stainless steels are commonly divided into
five groups:
1.Martensitic stainless steels- 12Cr and 0.1C wt%
2.Ferritic stainless steels-10.5% and 27% chromium
and very little nickel
3.Austenitic stainless steels-18Cr and 8Ni wt%
4.Duplex (ferritic-austenitic) stainless steels-
two-phase alloys based on the Fe-Cr-Ni
system
5.Precipitation-hardening stainless steels-
precipitation hardened or oxide dispersion
strengthened alloys
 Ferritic Stainless Steels
Ferritic Stainless Steels

Grade C Mn Si Cr Mo P S
405 .08 1 1 11.5-14.5 - .04 .03 .1-0.3 Al
409 .08 1 1 10.5-11.75 - .045 .045(6xC)
Ti min
429 .12 1 1 14 -16 - .04 .03
430 .12 1 1 16 -18 - .04 .03
446 .2 1.5 1 23 -27 - .04 .03 .25 N
 Martensitic Stainless Steels
Martensitic Stainless Steels
Grade C Mn Si Cr Ni Mo P S Applications
410 .15 1 .5 11.5-13 - - .04 .03 The basic composition.
Used for cutlery, steam and gas turbine blades and buckets, bushings...
416 .15 1.25 1 12-14 -.6 .04 .15 Addition of sulphur for
machinability, used for screws, gears etc. 416 Se replaces sulphur by
selenium.
420 .15-.4 1 1 12-14 - - .04 .03 Dental and surgical instruments,
cutlery....
431 .2 1 1 15 -17 - 1.25-2 .04 .03 Enhanced corrosion resistance,
high strength.
440A .60-0.75 1 1 16 -18 - .75 .04 .03 Ball bearings and races, gauge
blocks, molds and dies, cutlery.
440B .75- .95 1 1 16-18 - .75 .04 .03 As 440A, higher hardness
440C .95-1.2 1 1 16 -18 - .75 .04 .03 As 440B, higher hardness
 Austenitic Stainless Steels
Austenitic Stainless Steels
AISI grade C Si Mn Cr Ni Mo Ti Nb Al V
301 .15 1 2 16-18 6-8
302 .15 1 2 17-19 8-10
304 .08 1 2 17.5-20 8-10.5
310 .25 1.5 2 24-26 19-22
316 .08 1 2 16-18 10-14 2 -3
321 .08 1 2 17-19 9-12 --- 5 x %C min
347 .08 1 2 17-19 9-13 10 x %C min.
 MATERIAL IN GENERAL USE
COMPONENT MATERIAL DESIGNATION
HP ROTOR 30CrMoNiV5-11(HW19370)
IP ROTOR 30CrMoNiV5-11(HW19370)
LP ROTOR 26NiCrMoV14-5(HW19476)
GENERATOR ROTOR 26NiCrMoV14-5
CASINGS G17CrMoV5-10(HW19581)
GXCrMoWVNbN10-1-1
(HW19688)
ROUNDS X22CrMoV12-1
(HW10683,10687)
 MATERIAL IN GENERAL USE
ROUNDS X6CrNiTi18-10 OR 04Cr18Ni10Ti20 TYPE 321(AA10725,40,55)
20CrMoVTiB4 10 (AA10622)
16Mo3 OR 1.5415 (AA10568,74)
IN HW 10681 DESIGNATION USED IS 25Cr16Mo30V22, INDICATES .25C ,
1.6Cr, 0.3Mo, 0.22V

X4CrNi18 12 OR 1.4303 (HW10778)

X8CrMnN18 18K (HW19364)
X22CrMoV12 1 OR 1.4923 (HW19390)

NiCrTiAl OR 2.4952 (HW19391) NIMONIC 80A

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