The document discusses pipe sizing procedures including calculating flow rates, pressure drops, and pipe diameters. Key steps include determining pipe lengths and fittings, gathering parameters like flow rates and viscosities, and calculating pressure drops to ensure they are below allowable limits.
The document discusses pipe sizing procedures including calculating flow rates, pressure drops, and pipe diameters. Key steps include determining pipe lengths and fittings, gathering parameters like flow rates and viscosities, and calculating pressure drops to ensure they are below allowable limits.
The document discusses pipe sizing procedures including calculating flow rates, pressure drops, and pipe diameters. Key steps include determining pipe lengths and fittings, gathering parameters like flow rates and viscosities, and calculating pressure drops to ensure they are below allowable limits.
The document discusses pipe sizing procedures including calculating flow rates, pressure drops, and pipe diameters. Key steps include determining pipe lengths and fittings, gathering parameters like flow rates and viscosities, and calculating pressure drops to ensure they are below allowable limits.
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Pipe Sizing
Pipe Sizing Pipeline Sizing: In any chemical process industry, various types of fluids are being used in different forms like liquid, gaseous, slurry, etc. Raw material, intermediate product or finished product produced through various unit operations require connectivity of all the units with pipelines and fittings due to the following reasons:
• Ease of operation • Safe handling of materials • Avoiding loss of material • Hygienic conditions of the plant
Typical Applications:
a. Liquid flow under gravity (Elevation)
b. Hot Liquid Flow c. Bypass Line for equipment/instrument d. Sample Line e. Cooling Water Circulation f. Tank Overflow g. Slurry Flow PIPE SIZING PROCEDURE Pipe sizing can be calculated using the formula:
Q = A*v Where: Q = volume flow rate, ft3/min, m3/s A = area, ft2, m2 A = πd2/4 d = inside diameter of the pipe, ft, v = velocity of fluid, ft/min, m/s
Remark: This basic formula is not economical for higher load
applications. PIPE SIZING PROCEDURE Pipe sizing can also be based on pressure drop from Darcy Equation:
ρ fLv 2 dP = 2d Where: dP = pressure drop, Pascal, psig ρ = fluid density, kg/m3, lbm/ft3 f = Darcy friction factor (dimensionless) L = pipe length, m, ft v = velocity of fluid, m/s, ft/min d = inside diameter of the pipe, m, ft
Remark: The larger the pipe diameter, the lesser the pressure drop, the better for the CDA system. PIPE SIZING PROCEDURE Darcy friction factor, f, can be calculated based on the nature of flow of the fluid:
Where: Re = Reynold’s Number v = velocity of fluid, m/s, ft/s D = pipe inside diameter, m, ft Ѵ = kinematic viscosity of the fluid, m 2/s, ft2/s μ = absolute viscosity of the fluid, Pa-sec, psi-sec ε = absolute pipe roughness, m, ft PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 1. Identify pipe segments in the layout. Shall include flow and pressure requirement of end user. Pump A B
Pipe Segment Vol. Flow, CFM Pressure Req'd, psig
Equipment #1 AB 1500 50 C (500 cfm, 50 E psig) BC 1500 50 CD 1000 40 CE 500 50 DF 1000 40 Equipment #2 D F (1000 cfm, 40 psig) PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 2. Determine straight pipe length, and pipe fittings like elbows, valves, etc. Get equivalent length of the fittings. Sum up the lengths. L = 20 m Compressor A B
L=5m L=1m Pipe Segment Vol. Flow, CFM Pressure Req'd, psig Length, m Equipment #1 AB 1500 50 20 C E (500 cfm, 50 psig) BC 1500 50 5 CD 1000 40 10 L = 10 m CE 500 50 1 L=1m Equipment #2 DF 1000 40 1 D F (1000 cfm, 40 psig) PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 3. Gather other parameters to compute for the pressure drop across the chosen pipe segment.
Compressor A B Allowable PressureDrop=1.5 %(PressureonPipe) Parameter Value Remark Total Equivalent Length, L, m 20 Inside Diameter, d, mm 75 Maximum End User Pressure, psig 50 Allowable Pressure Drop 0.75 Flow Rate per Segment, cfm 1500 2 2/s Kinematic Viscosity, mmm/s 16.97 for air, 1.32 for water Pipe Roughness, um 15 for steel , Iron Pipes; 1.5 for PVC Pipes PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 4. Calculate for the pressure drop across the pipe segment using the formula:
ρfL 𝑣 2 dP= 2d
If dP < 1.5%, the diameter identified is good to use;
otherwise, repeat procedures 2 to 4 with a bigger pipe diameter to come up with a better dP. PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION Allowable Pressure Drop = 𝟏 . 𝟓 %(𝟓𝟎 𝐩𝐬𝐢 ) 𝟎 . 𝟎𝟏𝟓 ( 𝟓𝟎 )=𝟎 . 𝟕𝟓 𝐩𝐬𝐢 Max End user Pressure = 50 psig Compressor A B *This means that if the calculated dP @ Step 4 is more than 0.75 psi, the diameter used is too small
Parameter Value Remark
Total Equivalent Length, L, m 20 Inside Diameter, d, mm 75 Maximum End User Pressure, psig 50 Allowable Pressure Drop 0.75 Flow Rate per Segment, cfm 1500 2 2/s Kinematic Viscosity, mmm/s 16.97 for air, 1.32 for water Pipe Roughness, um 15 for steel , Iron Pipes; 1.5 for PVC Pipes PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 5. Do same procedures for other pipe segments until the farthest point in the pipeline. 6. Sum up all the pressure drops for each flow passage to get the maximum pressure drop in the system
Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,
Length, m Pressure, psi dP, ps Segments cfm mm Segment, cfm Viscosity, m2/s um AB 1500 20 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.69 BC 1500 5 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.17 CD 1000 10 100 40 1000 16.97 15 0.49 CE 500 1 50 50 500 16.97 15 0.42 DF 1000 1 60 40 500 16.97 15 0.63 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 5. Do same procedures for other pipe segments until the farthest point in the pipeline. 6. Sum up all the pressure drops for each flow passage to get the maximum pressure drop in the system
Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,
Length, m Pressure, psi dP, psi Segments cfm mm Segment, cfm Viscosity, m2/s um AB 1500 20 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.69 BC 1500 5 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.17 CD 1000 10 100 40 1000 16.97 15 0.49 CE 500 1 50 50 500 16.97 15 0.42 DF 1000 1 60 40 500 16.97 15 0.63 PRESSURE DROP CALCULATION 7. Calculate the maximum pressure requirement of the Compressor Compressor A B
Pipe Flow,Q, Diameter, Flow Rate per Kinematic Pipe Roughness,
Length, m Pressure, psi dP, psi Equipment #1 Segments cfm mm Segment, cfm Viscosity, m2/s um (500 cfm, 50 C E AB 1500 20 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.69 psig) BC 1500 5 125 50 1500 16.97 15 0.17 CD 1000 10 100 40 1000 16.97 15 0.49 CE 500 1 50 50 500 16.97 15 0.42 DF 1000 1 60 40 500 16.97 15 0.63 Equipment #2 D F (1000 cfm, 40 psig) End User Pressure Pressure Pathway Pipe Segments Pressure Drop, psig Requirement, psig Requirement, psig 1 AB+BC+CE 1.28 50 51.28 2 AB+BC+CD+DF 1.98 40 41.98 Calculate for the Air Compressor requirements (flow, Pressure) D = 125mm Equipment #1 D F (6000 cfm, 70 psig) L=2m L = 60 m L = 80 m D = 250mm Compressor A B D = 300mm L = 10 m L=2m D = 125mm Equipment #2 C E (2000 cfm, 75 psig)
Hydraulic Tables; The Elements Of Gagings And The Friction Of Water Flowing In Pipes, Aqueducts, Sewers, Etc., As Determined By The Hazen And Williams Formula And The Flow Of Water Over The Sharp-Edged And Irregular Weirs, And The Quantity Discharged
Hydraulic Tables; The Elements Of Gagings And The Friction Of Water Flowing In Pipes, Aqueducts, Sewers, Etc., As Determined By The Hazen And Williams Formula And The Flow Of Water Over The Sharp-Edged And Irregular Weirs, And The Quantity Discharged
