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    Biod 5

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    cherrylmoanamarieaemfat

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    Biod 5

    Uploaded by

    cherrylmoanamarieaemfat
    6 views13 pages

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    biod5

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    6 views13 pages

    Biod 5

    Uploaded by

    cherrylmoanamarieaemfat

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 13

    Cells—the basic structural and functional units of

    every organism—are of two distinct types:


    prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Organisms of the
    domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of
    prokaryotic cells. Protists, fungi, animals, and
    plants all consist of eukaryotic cells. (“Protist” is
    an informal term referring to a group of mostly
    unicellular eukaryotes.)
    All cells share certain basic features: They are all bounded by a
    selective barrier, called the plasma membrane. Inside all cells is a
    semifluid, jellylike substance called cytosol, in which subcellular
    components are suspended. All cells contain chromosomes, which
    carry genes in the form of DNA. And all cells have ribosomes, tiny
    complexes that make proteins according to instructions from the
    genes. A major difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
    is the location of their DNA. In a eukaryotic cell, most of the DNA is
    in an organelle called the nucleus, which is bounded by a double
    membrane. In a prokaryotic cell, the DNA is concentrated in a
    region that is not membrane-enclosed, called the nucleoid.
    Biology 10th Edition by Campbell, p. 97
    Eukaryotic means “true nucleus” (from the Greek eu, true, and
    karyon, kernel, referring to the nucleus), and prokaryotic means
    “before nucleus” (from the Greek pro, before), reflecting the earlier
    evolution of prokaryotic cells.
    The interior of either type of cell is called the cytoplasm; in
    eukaryotic cells, this term refers only to the region between the
    nucleus and the plasma membrane. Within the cytoplasm of a
    eukaryotic cell, suspended in cytosol, are a variety of organelles of
    specialized form and function. These membrane-bounded
    structures are absent in prokaryotic cells, another distinction
    between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. However, in spite of the
    absence of organelles, the prokaryotic cytoplasm is not a formless
    soup of cytoplasm but appears to be organized into different
    regions.
    Eukaryotic cells are generally much larger than prokaryotic cells.
    Size is a general feature of cell structure that relates to
    function. The logistics of carrying out cellular metabolism sets
    limits on cell size. At the lower limit, the smallest cells known
    are bacteria called mycoplasmas, which have diameters
    between 0.1 and 1.0 μm. These are perhaps the smallest
    packages with enough DNA to program metabolism and
    enough enzymes and other cellular equipment to carry out the
    activities necessary for a cell to sustain itself and reproduce.
    Typical bacteria are 1–5 μm in diameter, about ten times the
    size of mycoplasmas. Eukaryotic cells are typically 10–100 μm
    in diameter.
    Distinguish the characteristics of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic
    See attachment No. 3.

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