Module 5

MODULE 5
Human Sexuality
A. Gender and
Sexuality
Gender is defined by our self-concept or sociocultural norms based on our

biological sex at birth. Males are commonly perceived to have a masculine
while females have feminine characteristics.
Sexuality refers to a complex and multifaceted aspect of human identity that

encompasses a person's sexual orientation, attraction, and behavior. It
involves emotional, romantic, and sexual feelings, as well as how individuals
express and experience their sexuality.
B. Gender and Social
Construction
It speaks about the unequal power relations between women and men in
society. Women are commonly viewed as weak and emotional therefore
they are not suitable in leadership positions. In the other hand, men are
strong and logical and therefore they are natural-bom leaders. The idea
on these gender roles also changes depending on how women assert
their rights and how men and society recognize gender inequality
Construction
What are the effects of these gender roles on women and men?
Gender roles can have various effects on both women and men, influencing their
behaviors, opportunities, and experiences in society. It's important to note that
these effects can vary across cultures, societies, and individuals. Here are some
general considerations:
Effects on Women:
Limited Opportunities, Violence and Discrimination, etc.
Effects on Men:
Emotional Restraints, Toxic Masculinity, etc.
Construction
A consolidated anti-discrimination bill now pending in the Philippine congress defines

Sexual Orientation as the “direction or emotional sexual attraction or conduct towards
people of the opposite sex (heterosexual), of the same sex (homosexual), of both
sexes (bisexual)”.
Sexual orientation is distinct from gender identity. Gender Identity refers to “the
personal senses of identity as characterized, among others by manners (of clothing),
inclination and behavior in relation to masculine or feminine conventions.
The key points to understanding gender identity comes from answering, “How do I
see my self relative to my human body?”
Gender expression is how a person acts or articulates one’s gender identity to

others. This may expressed through behavior, clothing, haircut, voice or body
appearance
C. Some Useful
Terminology Definitions
Transgender: A term for people whose gender identity, expression or behavior is

different from those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth. “Trans” is
shorthand for “Transgender”. (“Transgender people” is appropriate but “Transgenders” is
often viewed as disrespectful)
Transgender Man: A term for a transgender individual who currently identifies as a man
Transgender Woman: A term for a transgender individual who currently identifies a
woman.
Transexual: An older term for people whose gender identity is different from their
assigned sex at birth who seeks to transition from male to female or female to male.
Many do not prefer this term because it is thought to sound overly clinical
Cross-dresser: A term for people who dress in clothing traditionally or stereotypically
worn by the other sex, but who generally have no intent to live full time as the other
gender. The older term “Transvestite” is considered derogatory by many in the United
States.
C. Some Useful
Queer: A term used to refer to lesbian, gay, bisexual, and often also transgender
people.
Genderqueer: A term used for individuals whose gender identity that encompass both
genders, male and female.
Gender Non-conforming: A term for individuals whose gender expression is different
from social expectations related to gender.
Bi-gender: One who has a significant gender identity that encompasses both genders,
male and female.
Two-spirit: A contemporary term that refers to the historical and current First nation
people whose individual spirit were a blend of male and female spirit.
FTM: A person who transitions from “female-to-male” meaning a person who was
assigned female at birth, but identifies and lives as a male. Also known as “transgender
man”.
MTF: A person who transitions from “male-to-female” meaning a person who was
assigned male at birth, but identifies and lives as a female. Also known as “transgender
woman”.
C. Some Useful
Sex Reassignment Surgery: Surgical procedures that change one’s body to better
reflect a person’s gender identity.
Transition: The time when a person begins to live as the gender with which they
identify rather than the gender they were assigned at birth, which often includes
changing one’s firstname and dressing and grooming differently
Intersex: A term used for people who are born with a reproductive or sexual anatomy
and chromosome patter that does not seem to fit typical definitions of male and
female. Also know as differences of Sex Development(DSD)
Drag Queen: Used to refer to male performers who dress as women for the purpose
or entertaining at events. It is also sometimes used in derogatory manner to refer
transgender women.
Drag King: Used to refer to female performers who dress as men for the purpose or
entertaining at events
D. Understanding Sexual
Orientation and Gender
Identity and Expression
SOGIE is an abbreviation for sexual orientation and gender identity and

expression. Just like we have genes, race, ethnicity, etc. as part of our identity, our
SOGIE is a significant piece of identity that can define who we are and influence
our needs and experiences. In countries like the Philippines, culture remains
backward in many parts of the country. Our ideas of bakla, tomboy, transpinay,
transpinoy, etc. are still dictated by religion, stereotypes, and occupational niches
rather than genuine recognition of LGBT rights.
E. The LGBT Community
The LGBT (lesbians, gays, bisexuals, and transgender) is a collective term for the community of diverse
sexualities.
In the Philippines, the LGBT community takes its roots from the precolonial Babaylans who were
mostly women but there were also men who dressed as women in their performance of their role as
spiritual leaders. They 'disappeared' soon after the Spanish colonizers introduced Catholicism. Hence,
the pervasive culture against baklas continued over time. The largely patriarchal society that pervaded
during Spanish colonial rule which promoted the masculinity of man, frowns against the bakla, who
identified mainly as cross-dressing effeminate man while its female equivalent was tomboy. This
biological contrast of gender, as male and female and within which, the baklas (male who identifies as
female) and tomboys (female who identifies as male) are stereotyped, typifies how Filipinos define gays
and lesbians at that time During the American colonial rule, the notion of homosexuality was shaped by
education and modernized mass media and was largely perceived to be a 'pathological or sick identity
from American-sponsored biomedicalization of Filipino culture.
1960s — The LGBT rights advocacy emerged which saw the rise of Philippine gay culture
and literature. By then more enterprising 4atc(as from the country have flocked the cities
and eventually garnered recognition in society from their humble beginnings in working in
beauty parlors, the entertainment and fashion industries. Tomboys became known as
efficient workers in factories and offices.
1980s —Malayang Kilusan ng Bagong Kababaihan (MAKIBAKA) released a position paper
acknowledging gender and sexuality issues as part of the women's and National Liberation
movement.
1990s - The rise of LGBT consciousness emerged more strongly. The outlawed Communist
Party of the Philippines (CPP) was first in recognizing the LGBT when it came out with
policy documents recognizing the right of every individual to choose their gender in 1992.
This drove the political activism of the LGBT community with the formation of the
Progressive Organization of Gays (PROGAY) and the Lesbian Collective (TLC)
A person from the LGBT community suffers oppression and exploitation as a member of the
marginalized or vulnerable sector, which they also belong (farmers, workers, government employees,
women, youth, indigenous peoples, and the same time as a member of the LGBT community
The LGBT Rights Violations
The Philippine society and culture maintain much prejudice towards the LGBT community and lacks
basic sensitivity and recognition of the LGBT rights
 Article II, Section 11 and Article Ill, Section 1 which purportedly "guarantees full respect of the
laws, but sexual orientation and gender identity are not explicitly mentioned ' Laws (e g Revised
Penal Cade and other criminal laws) also lack teeth in terms of punishing hate crimes. According to
Philippine LOB T Hate Crime Watch over 173 hate crimes committed against members of the LGBT
were documented since 1996
 It highlights the non-existence of a comprehensive anti-discrimination law in the Philippines.
Inclusion of Gender Minorities

The outrage that resulted from the killing of Jennifer Laude, a Transgender woman by a US
serviceman in 2014, the coming out of childstar Aiza Seguerra as a transgender man and her eventual
same-sex marriage to her partner Liza Dino in the United States are just examples of how issues of
gender and sexuality have become a controversial discussion in Philippine society. It brings to the fore
issue of discrimination on The basis of sexual orientation and gender identity against the women and the
LGBT

Module 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 5

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Module 5

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

MODULE 5

Gender is defined by our self-concept or sociocultural norms based on our

Sexuality refers to a complex and multifaceted aspect of human identity that

A consolidated anti-discrimination bill now pending in the Philippine congress defines

Gender expression is how a person acts or articulates one’s gender identity to

Transgender: A term for people whose gender identity, expression or behavior is

SOGIE is an abbreviation for sexual orientation and gender identity and

Inclusion of Gender Minorities

You might also like