Sanitary PPT - Kushagra Agrawal

TOPIC-
OPTIMIZATION OF ENERGY-WATER-WASTE
MADE BY: KUSHAGRA AGRAWAL

SUBMITTED TO: A.B GUPTA SIR
INTRODUCTION
 CONTRARY TO THE TYPICAL DOGMA, WASTEWATER IS NOW A VALUABLE
SOURCE TO RECOVER CERTAIN RESOURCES AS THE EFFLUENT STREAM
IS ALSO APPLICABLE TO BE REUSED AND/OR RECLAIMED, MINIMIZING
FRESHWATER CONSUMPTION.
 THE SOURCES ARE FROM DOMESTIC AND INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS
AND MULTIPLE CONTAMINANTS ARE CONSIDERED FOR OPTIMIZATION.
 THE RECOVERY PROCESSES ARE INTENDED TO RECOVER BIOGAS,
PHOSPHORUS, NITROGEN, METAL, DIGESTATE, SOLID SLUDGE, AND
MICROALGAE OIL FROM THE WASTEWATER STREAMS.
 WASTEWATER IS SELECTED AS THE SUBJECT OF STUDY GIVEN THE
POTENTIAL TO RECOVER ALL THE THREE ENERGY, WATER, AND WASTE
ITEMS FROM IT, EITHER IN THE WAY OF:
(i) RECOVERING RENEWABLE ENERGY (IN THE FORM OF BIOGAS),
(ii) REUSING CERTAIN ‘CLEANER’ STREAM AND RECLAIMING THE TREATED
WATER, AND
(iii) RECOVERING CERTAIN VALUABLE ITEMS WHICH ARE INITIALLY NOT
RECOVERED SYSTEMATICALLY E.G. STRUVITE, AMMONIA AND SOLID
SLUDGE.
Superstructure and model development.
 THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION CAN BE EITHER TO
(i) MAXIMIZE THE ANNUAL PROFIT .
(ii) MINIMIZE TOTAL WASTE GENERATED.
(iii) TO MINIMIZE CONSUMPTION OF FRESH RESOURCES.
 THERE ARE TWO MAIN SOURCES OF WASTEWATER NAMELY DOMESTIC AND
INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER.
 IF THE STREAM IS TO BE SEGREGATED, IT WILL BE SENT TO THE APPLICABLE
SEGREGATION TANK.
 IF THE STREAM IS DIRECTLY REUSED, THE SEGREGATION TANK WILL BE BYPASSED
AS IT WILL BE DIRECTLY MIXED WITH OTHER CLEANER WATER STREAM.
 THE SEGREGATION TANK HAS TWO (2) PURPOSES AS IT
(i) ACTS AS AN ‘EQUALIZATION’ BASIN; THE STORAGE CAPACITY IS DESIGNED TO BE
ABLE TO STORE/ HOLD THE WASTEWATER FOR CERTAIN PERIOD OF INCOMING
SUPPLY E.G. 1 OR 2 DAYS HENCE THE SUPPLY FOR ANY TREATMENT OR RESOURCE
RECOVERY PROCESS THAT OPERATES IN CONTINUOUS MODE CAN BE ADHERED
ACCORDINGLY
(ii) SYSTEMATICALLY SENDS THE SEGREGATED STREAM TO THE APPLICABLE
TREATMENT OR RESOURCE RECOVERY PROCESS.
Process description
THE MODEL CONSISTS OF FOURTEEN (14) SETS, NAMELY
SOURCE (H), SEGREGATION (I),DEMAND (J),FOOD WASTE (K),
REGENERATION (M), BIOGAS (N), STRUVITE RECOVERY (O), AMMONIA
RECOVERY (P), METAL RECOVERY (Q), AEROBIC DIGESTION (R), MICRO-
ALGAE (S), FRESHWATER (FW), OUTSOURCED WATER (OS), AND
CONTAMINANT CONTENT (C). EIGHT (8) TYPES OF CONTAMINANT ARE
CONSIDERED IN THIS STUDY I.E. CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (COD),
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS (TDS), TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS (TSS),
PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN ORTHOPHOSPHATE FORM (P-PO4 3-),
NITROGEN CONTENT IN AMMONIUM FORM (N–NH4 - ), CHROMIUM
(CR), NICKEL (NI), AND ZINC (ZN). THE SUBSET FOR EACH SET IS
DESCRIBED IN DETAIL BELOW:
Mathematical formulation
 OBTAINING MAXIMUM PROFIT (PR) FROM THE INTEGRATION
WORKS IS THE OBJECTIVE FUNCTION OF THE MODEL AS FOLLOWS:
MAX PR = REV − TAC
 REV IS REVENUE MADE THROUGH :
(I) PROCESSING FEE OF INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATERS,
(II) SALE OF THE REUSE AND/OR RECLAIMED WATER TO THE DEMAND,
(III) SALE OF RENEWABLE ELECTRICITY VIA BIOGAS BURNING IN THE
GAS ENGINE,
(IV) SALE OF THE SOLID DIGESTATE,
(V) SALE OF THE RECOVERED STRUVITE,
(VI) SALE OF THE RECOVERED AMMONIUM SALT,
(VII) SALE OF THE RECOVERED METAL PRECIPITAT.
 TAC IS THE TOTAL ANNUALIZED CAPITAL COST.
 MATHEMATICAL MODEL IS SET AS THE MIXED INTEGER NON-
LINEAR PROGRAMMING (MINLP).
WHICH THE FORMER REQUIRES CERTAIN STRATEGIES AS MENTIONED
BELOW IN ORDER TO OBTAIN AN OPTIMAL SOLUTION [67]:
(i) PUTTING/DEFINING THE LOWER AND/OR UPPER BOUND VALUE OF
THE APPLICABLE VARIABLES.
(ii) PUTTING A PROPER SCALING VALUE FOR THE VARIABLES THAT
ARE ESTIMATED TO POSSESS RELATIVELY LARGE VALUE E.G.
CAPITAL COST AND TAC.
(iii) GRADUALLY CODING THE FORMULATIONS IN GAMS FROM SMALL
TO LARGER MODEL.
(iv) PROVIDING A STARTING POINT TO THE SOLVER, ALTHOUGH
BARON BY DEFAULT HAS THE CAPABILITY TO SELF-FIND THE
STARTING POINT.
Case study
 WHEN THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL IS DEVELOPED, IT WILL BE FURTHER
APPLIED THROUGH A CASE STUDY.
 THE PURPOSE OF CASE STUDY IS TO VERIFY THE WORKABILITY OF THE
MODEL AND TO FIND THE OPTIMAL SOLUTION.
 MAXIMUM LENGTH OF THE MAIN TRANSMISSION PIPELINE OF THE
ABLUTION GREYWATER, HOUSEHOLD’S GREYWATER, YELLOW WATER,
AND BLACKWATER TO THE FACILITY IS SET AT 20 KM.
 THE AMOUNT OF THE HOUSEHOLD GREYWATER, YELLOW WATER, AND
BLACK WATER IS BASED ON THE AMOUNT OF 15,000 HOUSES.
 THE INDUSTRIAL SOURCES ARE FROM THE SEMICONDUCTOR,
CONFECTIONARY, CHICKEN PROCESSING, DAIRY PROCESSING,
PORCELAIN ENAMELING, COIL COATING, POWER PLANT, OIL PALM
REFINERY, AND PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES.
 ALL OF THE INDUSTRIAL SOURCES ARE LOCATED WITHIN 2 KM
DISTANCE FROM THE CENTRALIZED FACILITY.
 ALL THE WATER STREAM DENSITY IS ASSUMED AT 1 METRIC TON PER
METER CUBE (1 T/M3 ) IN THIS STUDY
Result and discussion
 A COMPUTER WITH A PROCESSOR CAPACITY OF INTELCORE I5-3570 CPU
3.4GHZWAS USED. THE MIXED INTEGER NON-LINEAR MODEL (MINLP) IS
RELATIVELY A LARGE-SCALE MODEL.
 ONLY YELLOW WATER, 86.9 M3 /H OF PHARMACEUTICAL WASTEWATER, AND
ALL FOOD WASTE STREAMS ARE NOT UTILIZED IN THE OPTIMAL NETWORK.
 THE BIODEGRADABLE-RICH SEGREGATION STREAM IS USED FOR BIOGAS
PRODUCTION. THE CLOSED LAGOON IS SELECTED AS THE TYPE OF BIOGAS
DIGESTER AND THE AMOUNT OF ELECTRICITY GENERATED IS 3.2 MW 8201 MJ/H
OF WASTE HEAT IS RECOVERED FOR AMMONIA STRIPPING PROCESS.
 THE FRESHWATER CONSUMPTION CAN BE MINIMIZED BY 66% THROUGH REUSE
AND RECLAMATION OF THE WASTEWATERS FROM THE CASE STUDY
CONDUCTED.
 AS THE BIOGAS GENERATES 3.2 MW OF ELECTRICITY, THE ANNUAL AMOUNT OF
THE RECOVERED RESOURCES ARE (ALL IN PURE, MOISTURE FREE BASIS)
(i) 1104 DRY T OF STRUVITE
(ii) 232 DRY T OF AMMONIUM SULFATE, AND
(iii) 112 DRY T/H METAL HYDROXIDES.
 THE ELECTRICITY GENERATED IS SUFFICIENT FOR DAILY SUPPLY TO ROUGHLY

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MADE BY: KUSHAGRA AGRAWAL

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