CA116 Computer Programming I

Lecture 2: Python Fundamentals

Usman Ali
Lecture Overview
 Recap of Lecture 1
 Learning activities and outcomes
 Workload and assessment breakdown
 Programming real world application
 Programming languages and python
 Writing, running and debugging python programs.
 Basic data types and operations
 Python arrays and tuples

 Selection and Iteration in Python

 Deepen understanding of selection and iteration in Python.
 Practical coding examples and exercises.
 Solving real-world problems.

2
Sequence, Selection and Iteration- The Building Blocks of
Programming Languages
Sequence Selection Iteration

A=10

B=0

print(A,B)

3
Selection in Python
 Definition: Selection structures allow a program to make decisions, branching the flow of
execution depending on conditions.
 Purpose: Used to execute different parts of code based on whether certain conditions are
true or false.

if condition1:
# code to execute if condition1 is True
else:
# code to execute if above conditions is False

T = 25
T = 25 if T > 30:
if T > 20: print("It's a hot day.")
print("It's a warm day.") elif T > 20:
else: print("It's a warm day.")
print("It's a cool day.") else:
print("It's a cool day.") 4
 Real-World Example: Museums Ticket Pricing Based on Age

 Scenario: A Museum offers different ticket prices based on the customer's age. This example
can help students understand how programs can make decisions using if-else conditions.

# Ask the user for their age

Ticket Price age = int(input("Enter your age: "))
# Determine the ticket price based on age
Child €5 if age < 13:
print("Child ticket price: €5")
Teen €7 elif age < 18:
print("Teen ticket price: €7")
Adult €10 else:
print("Adult ticket price: €10")

5
 Iteration in Python
 Definition: Iteration refers to the technique of executing a sequence of statements
repeatedly either a set number of times or until a condition is met."
 Purpose: Used to perform repetitive tasks efficiently.

count = 0
while count < 100:
print("Hello World!")
print("Hello World!")
print("Hello World!") print("Hello World!")
count += 1
print("Hello World!") # Repeated 98 more times...
print("Hello World!") print("Hello World!")
print("Hello World!")

for i in range(100):
print("Hello World!")

6
 Iteration in Python: While vs Loop
 while– show you how to execute a code block as long as a condition is True.
 for loop – show you how to execute a code block for a fixed number of times by using the for
loop with range() function.

while condition: for index in range(n):

statement statement

count = 0 for i in range(100):

while count < 100: print("Hello World!")
print("Hello World!")
count += 1

7
Real-World Example: Displaying Days of the Week
 Scenario: Suppose you have an application that needs to display all days of the week one by
one. This is a common requirement for applications involving calendars, scheduling, or even
basic planning tools.

# List containing all days of the week

days_of_the_week = ["Monday", "Tuesday", "Wednesday", "Thursday", "Friday", "Saturday", "Sunday"]

# Loop through the list and print each day

for day in days_of_the_week:

print(day)

8
Today's Key Takeaways and Preview of Next Lecture

 Summarize Today's Lecture:

 Sequence in Python Programming
 Selection (Decision-Making)
 Iteration (Loops)

 Next Lecture:
 "Defining and Calling Functions in Python“

 Practice writing own selection structures and loops

 Learning Resources:
 DCU Loop (Moodle)
 https://www.101computing.net/sequencing-selection-iteration/

9
 Let's Review with an un-graded Quiz!

• Purpose of the Quiz:

This quiz will help us review today's key concepts
0460 5620
and ensure everyone understands the material.
• Instructions for Joining:
Step-by-step instructions on how to join the Kahoot
quiz:
1. Step 1: "Open www.kahoot.it on your
device (smartphone, tablet, or laptop)."
2. Step 2: "Enter the Game PIN shown on the
screen."
3. Step 3: "Enter your nickname or real name
when prompted, so we can see who’s who
in the game results!"

10