CHAPTER - 2

EDUCATION

Group 1
FIRST TEACHER
FIRST TEACHER

Rizal was first schooled in their home

by his mother , Doña Teodora.
- A remarkably good and educated
woman herself.
- She was Rizal’s first teacher.
- She would sit the three-year-old
Pepe on her lap and devotedly
taught him the alphabets and
prayers. She also taught Pepe to
read Bibles.
- She told Pepe so many poet and
stories, but all of the stories that
his mother told him, the Story of
the Moth touched him so deeply.
PRIVATE TUTOR
PRIVATE TUTOR

Rizal’s parents were very

passionate of their child’s
education, as they themselves
also received good educations.
Private tutors were employed to
give Jose lessons at home.
PRIVATE TUTORS OF RIZAL

• Maestro Celestino
( was Jose’s first
private tutor)
PRIVATE TUTORS OF RIZAL

• Maestro Lucas Padua

( second private tutor
of Jose)
PRIVATE TUTORS OF RIZAL

• Maestro Leon Monroy

( became the Hero’s
tutor in Spanish and
Latin. He was a
classmate of Don
Francisco.)
 FIRST

FORMAL SCHOOLING

BIÑAN LAGUNA
(1870-1871)
FIRST FORMAL SCHOOLING

In June 1870- Jose left Calamba for

binan. Accompanied by his brother
paciano. They rode a “carromata”
headed for their aunt’s house where
Jose was to stay.
FIRST FORMAL SCHOOLING

Maestro Justiniano Aquino

Cruz – had been paciano’s
teacher and introduce Jose
to him and became his
mentor.
FIRST FORMAL SCHOOLING

Pedro – who was a bully and a son of

Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz and he
challenged Jose to a fight that he think
Jose would defeat because of her latter’s
young age and small physique.

Uncle manuel – who instructed Jose in

wrestling so he could outclass the bigger
boys. Since that day Jose became a
popular among his classmates.
FIRST FORMAL SCHOOLING

Juancho – he was the father-in-law of his

teacher, Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz,
Jose loved to paint so he spent most of his
time at the old man’s studio.

Jose Guevarra – a classmate of Rizal who

also loved painting and joined him. They
both become apprentices of juancho and
they became ‘ favorite painters in the
class”
FIRST FORMAL SCHOOLING

Jose Rizal surpassed all his

classmates in Spanish, Latin, and
other subject. That some of his
classmate are jealous, they would tell
lies to their teacher about Jose
causing him to be punished with five
to six blows as he was laid out on a
school bench.
AFTER BIÑAN
AFTER BIÑAN

Education in Biñan was limited to

4R’s

Maestro Justiniano – informed the

parents of Jose that the boy had
learnt everything that he could teach
him that the boy should be sent to
college in Manila.
AFTER BIÑAN

Saturnina – eldest of the Rizal’s

siblings
- She wrote Jose informing
him that the streamer “talim” would
be arriving to biñan, which he could
board bound for Calamba.

December 17, 1870 – Jose Rizal left

Biñan with a heavy heart.
THE IMPRISONMENT OF

DOÑA TEODORA
THE IMPRISONMENT OF

DOÑA TEODORA
THE IMPRISONMENT OF DOÑA TEODORA

Jose’s father, Don Francisco, thought of sending

him to college in Manila in June. Jose Alberto the
brother of Doña Teodora went on a business trip in
Europe. Upon his return he found out that his wife
abandoned their home and their children and live
with other man. This angered of Jose Alberto and
decided to divorced his wife. Doña Teodora
advised his brother, persuaded him to just forgive
his wife in order avoid family scandal, and so the
husband and wife live together however the
adulterous woman connived with a spanish
lieutenant of a guardia civil fabricating stores that
here husband Jose Alberto, tried to poison her
with Doña Teodora helping him to do so.
THE IMPRISONMENT OF DOÑA TEODORA

After that Doña Teodora was arrested she

was forced to walk for about 50 kilometers
from Calamba to Santa Cruz. Doña Teodora
imprisoned there in 2 years and half, Jose
Rizal heard that Doña Teodora was sick
while inside her prison cell. No proper
medical treatment and treated unkindly.
This saddened she barely 11 years old
Jose Rizal.
THE DEATH

OF GOMBURZA
THE DEATH OF GOMBURZA

On the night of January 20, 1872. About 200

Filipino soldier and workers of the Cavite
arsenal rose in violent result under the
leadership of La Madrid Filipino Sergent.
The revolt was caused by the abolition of
the usual privileges and forced labor.
THE DEATH OF GOMBURZA

This incident was used by the Spanish authorities to

give an order to liquidate Father Mariano Gomez,
Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora for advocating the
secularization movement to Filipinize the Philippine
parishes and their supporters Jose Ma Basa, Atty.
Joaquin Pardo de Tavera and Antonio Ma Regidor.
The Archbishop plead for clemency but he was
denied on the sunrise of February 17, 1872 by order
of Governor General Rafael Izquierdo. The execution
was mourned by the Rizal Family and Father Burgos
was a friend and a teacher of Paciano. He studies in
Manila and returned Calamba. He told news to his 11
year old brother Jose this event already refusing
indignation that Jose felt for justice.
THE DEATH OF GOMBURZA

Rizal wrote his second novel EL Filibusterismo

that he dedicated to three priest.
MANILA EXPERIENCE

(1872-1877)
MANILA EXPERIENCE

Jose was sent to Manila to study at the

Ateneo De Municipal a college under the
management of Spanish jesuits. The
school become Ateneo De Manila which
was managed by highly competent
educators.

On his first day in Manila, Jose was

accomplished by his brother Paciano. He
took and passed all subjects during the
entrance examination of the college of San
Juan Letran.
MANILA EXPERIENCE

Jose returned to Manila, with his brother,

they went in Ateneo De Municipal.

*He was refused admittance in the said

school for two reasons:
1. He was already late in registration
2. He was so frail and sickly, aside from
being too small his age.
 ATENEO DE

MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE

Jose enrolled at Ateneo under the surname "Rizal"

because their family name Mercado had been under
suspicion of the Spanish authorities. His brother, Paciano,
had used their surname Mercado when he studied at the
College of San Jose. The authorities knew that Paciano
was Father Burgos' favorite student and confidant.

Ateneo was ruled by the Jesuits. The system was more

advanced than other schools during that time. The
instructions were rigid and the discipline was strict. The
school offered subjects in physical culture, humanities,
and science.
Aside from academic subjects, the school offered courses
in agriculture, commerce, mechanics, and surveying.
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE
The students were divided into two groups: the
internos, who were composed of the boarders and the
externos, the non-boarders. The internos, known also
as the "Roman Empire" and the externos, the
"Carthaginian Empire" always competed with each
other in school activities. The best student in each
group was called the emperor, a position which every
member of the group desired and wanted to maintain.

Ateneo students were required to wear uniform: a hem-

fabric trousers and striped cotton coat materials called
Rayadillo, which became popular among the Filipinos.
Later, it was adopted to be worn as a uniform during
the first day of the First Philippine Republic.
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE
During Jose's first day in class, he heard mass at the college chapel
before proceeding to the classroom where he saw big number of
boys who were mestizos, Spaniards, and Filipinos. Rizal described
his first professor, Father Jose Bech as a "tall, thin man, with a body
slightly bent forward, a harried walk, and an ascetic face, sever and
inspired small deep-sunken eyes, a sharp nose that was almost
Greek, and thin lip forming an arc whose ends fell toward the chin."
Because he was an externo, he was assigned to the Carthaginian.
At the end of the first month, he won first prize, a religious picture;
the first ever prize he won in Ateneo. He was so happy.
To improve his knowledge and fluency in Spanish, Jose took private
lessons during recess time at the Santa Isabel College
When the school year ended, Jose spent his summer vacation in
Calamba. But he did not enjoy his vacation because his mother was
still in prison. Without telling his father, he visited her in prison. Dona
Teodora was very happy when Jose told him he got excellent grades
in all his subjects.
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE
When summer ended, Jose returned to Manila to continue
his studies. This time, he tried to study harder to regain his
lost leadership in class. Once again, he became the
emperor. He had new classmates and three of them were
his former classmates in Biñan
He returned to Calamba that summer jubilantly. Like
before, the reunion with his sisters, brother, and parents
were very happy telling them about his academic
successes. In the midst of their splendid talks, Doña
Teodora mentioned about her dream the previous night.
Upon hearing his mother's story, Rizal made a prediction
about the dream that she would soon be released in
prison. Doña Teodora unbelieving, what his son said,
smiled thinking that he would merely like to console her.
But his prophecy became true because after three months
she was freed.
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE
After this visit, Jose once again returned to the city for his studies.
This time an adolescent, had shown interest in reading romantic
novels. Among his favorite was the "The Count of Monte Cristo" by
Alexander Dumas. He was so impressed of the fate of the main
character and hero of the story who made a spectacular escape from
the dungeon, found a buried treasure and later revenged against his
enemies. Aside from this novel, Jose had read several books, both
fiction and non-fiction, which greatly helped him in his studies and
enabled him to win more prizes. A history book caught his attention
most was entitled "Travels in the Philippines" by Dr. Feodor Jagor, a
German scientist who stayed in the country from 1859 to 1860. Jose
was impressed of this book because: (1) it contained Jagor's careful
observation and analysis about the imperfections of the Spanish
colonization in the Philippines and (2) his prophecy that Spain would
yield the Philippines to American colonizers in the near future.
ATENEO DE MUNICIPAL EXPERIENCE
In June 1874, his junior year in college, Jose went
back to Manila to continue his quest for
knowledge. Shortly after classes had started that
semester, his mother arrived, telling him that she
was already released from prison, just as he had
prophesied during his last visit to her in the prison
cell in Santa Cruz, Laguna. Rizal was very happy
to see her mother freed. However, despite the
joyous reunion of the mother and son, deep
inside, he was unhappy for not showing
excellence in his studies like he did the previous
year. Though his grades in all subjects were
excellent, he only won one gold medal in Spanish
 UNIVERSITY OF

SANTO TOMAS

EXPERIENCE
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS EXPERIENCE
After graduating in Ateneo with highest honors with
the degree of Bachelor of Arts (equivalent to only
high school during the Spanish time), Jose Rizal
decided to continue his studies in Manila despite his
mother's objection. Both his father Don Francisco
and brother Paciano wanted him to pursue his
studies.
In April 1877, Don Francisco told Paciano to
accompany his younger brother to enrol in Manila.
Jose Rizal who was only sixteen years old that time,
enrolled Philosophy and Letters in the University of
Sto. Tomas. He decided on this course because (1)
he was not yet certain on what career to pursue and
(2) his father liked this course.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS EXPERIENCE

While studying at the University of Santo Tomas, he also

enrolled in the vocational course - perito agrimensor (expert
in surveying) at Ateneo.Another reason why he chose
medicine was his desire to cure his mother's growing
blindness due to cataract. So he decided to take up medical
course in the University of Sto. Tomas.
While Jose Rizal was studying in UST he still engaged
himself in many extra-curricular activities in Ateneo.
seventeen, ne passed the board examination for surveyors
but was not granted the title because he was under age. This
time, he was the President of the Academy of Spanish
Literature and Secretary of the Academy of Natural Science.
He remained member of the Marian Congregation, of which
he was the secretary.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS EXPERIENCE

Although, he was then a Thomasian, he remained loyal to

Ateneo where he had happy and beautiful memories. His
Jesuits professors loved him and inspired him to acquire
greater knowledge, contrary to the treatment he and his
Filipino classmates received in the University of Sto.
Tomas.He hated the Dominican professors who were cruel
and biased to his Filipino classmates who just kept quiet in
spite being humiliated.
It was during his freshman year as medical student when he
experienced his first taste of Spanish brutality. While walking
on the street one dark night during his summer vacation in
Calamba, he failed to recognize a Lieutenant of the Guardia
Civil whom he passed by and likewise failed to greet him due
to darkness.
UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS EXPERIENCE

When he had recovered, he reported it to the Spanish

Governor General but he was ignored simply because Jose
Rizal, the complainant, was an Indio.
Notwithstanding his hectic academic and extra-curricular
schedules in both schools, UST and Ateneo, Rizal still found
time for love.
In 1879, at the start of his junior year in UST, he lived in a
boarding house in Intramuros where he met a frail, pretty
young lady, Leonor Rivera, who was the daughter of his
landlord uncle Antonio Rivera. She was born in Camiling,
Tarlac and a student of La Concordia College where his
youngest sister was studying then. To keep their intimate
relationship secret, Leonor used Taimis as her pen name.
THANK YOU