DRS INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL (DRSIS)

E-content
Class IX
Sub: Science
Chapter: Tissue

By
Malathi M, Science Facilitator
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
Students will able to:
1. Define tissue and differentiate it from cell.
2. Differentiate between plant and animal tissue.
3. Classify, explain, compare and differentiate
various types of plant tissue like meristematic
simple permanent and complex permanent
tissue on the basis of structure ,location and
function.
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
4. Identify, explain, classify and describe the function of
different type of animal tissues like epithelial,
connective, muscular, nervous tissue and draw their
diagrams.
5. Expected skill development: Skill developing scientific
vocabulary ,critical thinking and comprehension of
text.
6. Development of creativity, reasoning, analytical skill
and accuracy of diagrams.
TOPICS TO BE COVERED
• Tissue –Definition
• Are plant and animals made up of same types of tissues?
• Plant tissue
• Meristematic tissue
• Permanent tissue- simple and complex permanent tissue
• Animal tissues
• Epithelial tissue
• Connective tissue
• Muscular tissue And Nervous tissue
INTRODUCTION
• What is a cell?
• What are unicellular organism?
• What are multicellular organisms?
• Does multicellular organisms are made up of
same types of cells?
• What is the organization of multicellular
organisms?
Tissue: A group of cells that are similar in structure
and work together to perform a particular function.
• Examples:- In plants vascular tissue Xylem and phloem
Conduct food and water are example of tissue.
• In animals Muscles contracts and relax to cause movements
are examples of tissue.
 Difference between plant and animal
tissues
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues
Plants do not move. Animals moves from one place to
Plants required less energy another .
Animals required more energy
than plants.
Most of the tissue provide them Their tissues are the ones that can
support and structural strength. support movement.
 Difference between plant and animal
tissues
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues
Most of tissues are dead in plants Most tissues in them are living. So
as they can provide mechanical they can move and perform
strength easily and required less several functions.
maintaince
 Difference between plant and animal
tissues
Plant Tissues Animal Tissues
Only certain parts of the plant Growth in animals is uniform
can grow. The tissues present and not only in certain regions
in such regions divide of the body.
themselves and form new
tissues.
The structure of plant tissues The organs and organ systems
is not very specialized as in animals are highly
compared to animals developed
 Plant tissues

Meristematic Permanent
(cells divide) (cells do not divide)

Apical Intercalary Lateral

Simple Complex
(one type of cell) (Many type of cells)

Parenchyma collenchyma Sclerenchyma

Protective tissue Xylem Phloem
 Meristematic tissue (Meristem)
• Have the ability to divide and form new cells.
Cells of meristems are active having dense
cytoplasm thin cell wall and prominent nucleus.
• They lack vacuoles because it provide rigidity to
cell and prevent quick cell division.
• It increase length and width of plant.
 Three type of meristematic tissue on
the basis of their location
Type Location Function

Apical Growing tip of Increase the length of

Meristem shoot and root. stem and root.

Intercalary At the base of Increase the length of

Meristem leaves and internode or leaf.
internode
Lateral On the side of Increase the girth of
Meristem stem and root. stem and root
(Cambium)
 PERMANENT TISSUE
• Arise from meristematic tissue. Loss the ability to
divide.
• Have definite shape, size and function.
• The process by which meristematic tissue form
permanent tissue is called differentiation.
• It is of two types: -
• Simple and complex permanent tissue.
 SIMPLE PERMANENT TISSUE
• Parenchyma:-
• It is basic (simple) type of packaging tissue.
• Has relatively unspecialised living cells.
• Thin cell wall and large intercellular spaces
between the cell.
• It store food and provide support to plant.
• Found in soft parts of plants.
 Chlorenchyma and Aerenchyma
• Parenchyma contains chlorophyll and perform
photosynthesis it is called chlorenchyma.
• In aquatic plants, parenchyma has large air space to provide
buoyancy to plants and exchange of gases it is called
aerenchyma.

Chlorenchyma
 COLLENCHYMA
• Contains elongated living cells irregularly thickened at the corners.
• Intercellular space is less.
• Provide flexibility and mechanical support to leaves and stem and
allow easy bending without break.
• Found in leaf stalks below the epidermis.
 SCLERENCHYMA
• Consist of long, narrow, thick walled dead cell.
• Cell wall contains lignin which act as cement and harden them.
• Intercellular space absent.
• It provide strength and rigidity to plant and make them hard and stiff.
• Present around vascular bundles, in leaf veins, in the hard covering of
seed, husk of coconut and nuts.
 EPIDERMIS
• It is outermost protective layer of plant parts.
• It is usually made up of single layer of flat cells without inter cellular
spaces. Outer and side walls are thicker.
• On aerial parts epidermal cells secretes waxy water resistant layer
called cuticle. Which prevent loss of water , injury and invasion of
pathogens.
 EPIDERMIS
• Plants of dry habitats have thick epidermis and thick waxy
layer of cutin on their outer surface.
• Epidermal cells of root have root hairs which increase the
surface area.
 CORK
• As plants grow older epidermis is replaced by secondary meristem.
• It divide and form cells on both side.
• Cells of on outside cut of from this layer and form several layer thick
cork or bark.
• Cells of cork are dead, without intercellular spaces and have
chemical suberin in their walls.
 STOMATA
• Stomata are small pores in the epidermis of leaf.
• Stomata are enclosed by two kidney shaped guard cells.
• They help in exchange of gases with the atmosphere.
• Transpiration also occur through it.
 COMPLEX PERMANENT TISSUE
• They are made up of more than one type of
cells.
• Xylem and phloem are examples.
• Both are conducting tissue and form vascular
bundles.
• They made possible survival of vascular plant in
terrestrial environment.
 XYLEM
• It consist of tracheids, vessels, xylem fibre and
xylem parenchyma.
• Contains thick cell walls.
• Except xylem parenchyma all are dead Cells.
• Xylem fibre are provide support.
• Parenchyma store food and do sidewise
conduction.
• Tracheids and vessels are tubular structure
which conduct water and minerals vertically.
 PHLOEM
• Made up of four elements sieve tubes,
companion cells, phloem fibres and
phloem parenchyma.
• Except phloem fibre all are living cells.
• Sieve tubes are tubular cells with
perforated walls.
• Phloem transport food.
• Phloem transport is bidirectional.
 RECAPITULATION
• What is the unique feature of meristem?
• What are different types of permanent tissues?
• Name the dead elements of xylem and phloem.
• Name the protective tissue present in plants.
• State the characteristics of cells of epidermis.
• Name the chemical present in cork.
ANIMAL TISSUE
 Epithelial tissue (Epithelium)
• It is the covering or protective tissue of animals.
• Made up of tightly packed cell which form
continuous layer with no intercellular spaces .
• Separated from underlying tissue by fibrous
basement membrane.
• The permeability of epithelial cells regulate the
exchange of material between body and
environment.
 Types of epithelium
Type of Characteristics Location Function
epithelium
Squamous Cells are thin and Lungs alveoli, Protection
epithelium flat. Blood Vessels, Exchange of substances
Oesophagus between blood and
Lining of mouth cells and at alveoli

Stratified Flat cells arranged Skin Protection

Squamous in many layers to
epithelium prevent wear and
tear.
 TYPES OF EPITHELIUM
• Squamous epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium
 TYPES OF EPITHELIUM
Type of Characteristics Location Function
epithelium
Columnar Tall pillar like Inner lining of Absorption and
epithelium cells. Nucleus at intestine, secretion
the base
Ciliated Tall cells with Respiratory tract Pushes the
columnar cilia mucus forward
epithelium to clear
respiratory tract
Type of Characteristics Location Function
epithelium
Cuboidal Cube cells Kidney Mechanical
epithelium tubules, ducts support
of salivary
glands.
Glandular Epithelial cells folds Goblet cells Secretion
epithelium inward and form are present in
multicellular gland, mucus
acquire additional membrane
specialisation as
glands
 Types of epithelium
Columnar Ciliated Cuboidal
 CONNECTIVE TISSUE
• It connect various tissues in
an organ.
• Loosely packed Cells are
embedded in matrix.
• Matrix may be jelly like, fluid,
dense or rigid.
 BLOOD
• Matrix is fluid called plasma.
• Plasma contain protein ,salts and hormones.
• Plasma RBC, WBC and PLATELETS are suspended.
• Blood transport materials to different parts of body.
 BONE
• Bone Is Strong And Nonflexible
Tissue.
• Matrix Is Hard.
• It Is Made Up Of Salts Of Calcium And
Phosphorus.
• Matrix Contains Bone Cells Or
Osteocytes.
• Bone Form Skeleton That Support
Body And Anchors The Muscle.
 LIGAMENT AND TENDONS
• Ligament is very elastic
and have little matrix.
• Ligament connect bone
to bone.
• Tendons are fibrous
tissue less flexibility but
great strength.
• Connects muscles to
bones
 CARTILAGE
• Matrix is solid composed of
sugars and protein.
• Cells (chondrocytes) are widely
spaced and present in matrix.
• Cartilage is softer than bone
due to presence of sugar and
protein.
• It is found in nose, ear,
trachea,larynx and smoothens
the bone surface at joint.
 AREOLAR TISSUE
• Matrix is semifluid containing different types of cells and
fibres.
• It holds organs in place and provide support to them..
• Found between skin and muscles, around blood vessels,
nerves and in bone marrow.
• It helps in repair of tissues.
 ADIPOSE TISSUE
• It contains fat cells
called adipocytes.
• Cells are filled with fat
globules.
• Found below skin and
between internal
organs.
• It store fat and also act
as insulator.
 MUSCULAR TISSUE
• It consist of elongated muscle cells called muscle fibre.
• Muscle contain contractile proteins which contract and
relax.
• It brings movement in body.
 STRIATED /SKELETAL MUSCLES
• Structure-Long, cylindrical, unbranched, multinucleated muscle
cells with alternate light and dark band or striations.
• Location-Present in limbs, mostly attach to bones so also called
skeletal muscles.
• Function-Help in body movement, they move as per our will so
called voluntary muscles.
 SMOOTH / UNSTRIATED MUSCLES
• Structure-Long, Spindle shaped , Uninucleate cells, having no
Striations
• Location- Found in alimentary canal, Blood vessels, Iris of
eye, in ureters, bronchi of lungs
• Function-Movement of food in alimentary canal and internal
organs, they are involuntary muscles.
 CARDIAC MUSCLE
• Structure-Cylindrical, branched and uninucleate muscle cells
with striations.
• Location-Wall of heart
• Function-Rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart
throughout life they are involuntary muscles.
NERVOUS TISSUE
• It is made up of nerve cells called neurons.
• Neurons consist of three parts cyton or cell body, dendrites and
axon.
• Cyton contain nucleus and cytoplasm.
• Dendrites are many short, branched part.
• Axon is single, long part.
 NERVOUS TISSUE
• Location-Brain, spinal cord and nerves.
• Function-Respond to stimulus and transmit
response very rapidly from one part to another.
In the body.
• Nerves and muscles form functional
combination which make animals to move
rapidly in response to stimuli.
 RECAPITULATION
• What are different types of epithelial tissues?
• Why is blood called a connective tissue.
• Which tissue acts like an insulator?
• Which tissue connects bone to bone?
• What are different types of muscles?
• Name the tissue that transmits stimulus in the
body.
 Home Work
• Ncert exercise on page :- 69,73,78,79.
• Activities-6.1 to 6.5.
• Prepare a Fact sheet about simple permanent plant
tissues, Epithelial tissues and connective tissues
Using points structure, location and functions.
• Prepare mind maps for plant tissues and animal
tissues.
 References
• Ncert:Science class 9th text book Chapter-6 Tissues Page no
68 to 79
• https://www.britannica.com/science/fundamental-tissue
• https://youtu.be/fNQ92ZGWpOAhttps
• https://youtu.be/f483wM28FNk
 THANK
YOU