Computer Network

Dr. Naziya Hussain

Content:
• Syllabus
• Introduction to Computer Network
– Need / Goal of Computer Network
– Data Communication
– Component of Data Communication
– Transmission Mode in Computer Network (Data Flow/Transmission)
– Network Architecture – Line Configuration
– Network Criteria
 Introduction to Computer Network
•For a specific purpose if things are connected together, are referred as a NETWORK.

• A network can be of many types, like a telephone network, television network, computer network or even a people
network.

“Computer Network means an interconnection of autonomous computers for information exchange.”

The connecting media could be a copper wire, optical fiber, microwave or satellite.

~***~

Networking Elements – The computer network includes the following networking elements:

 At least two computers

 Transmission medium either wired or wireless
 Protocols or rules that govern the communication
 Network software such as Network Operating System
Goals of Computer Networks
• Resource Sharing –

• High Reliability –

• Cost Saving –

• Increase System Performance –

Computer networks provide a powerful communication medium. A file that was

updated or modified on a network can be seen by the other users on the network immediately.

• Flexible access –

Other goals include Distribution of processing functions, Centralized management, and

allocation of network resources, Compatibility of dissimilar equipment and software, Good
network performance, Scalability, Saving money, Access to remote information, Person to
person communication etc.
 Data Communications
• For data communications to occur, the communicating devices must be part
of a communication system made up of a combination of hardware
(physical equipment) and software (program).

• Fundamental characteristics influence the effectiveness of a data

communications system
– Delivery (Correct Destination)
– Accuracy
– Timeliness
Components of Data Communications
• Message:
– The information (data) to be communicated. Popular forms of information include text, numbers,
pictures, audio, and video.

• Sender:
– The device that sends the data message.
– It can be a computer, workstation, telephone handset, video camera, and so on.

• Receiver:
– The device that receives the data message.

• Transmission medium:
– The physical path by which a message travels from sender to receiver.
– e.g., twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber-optic cable, and radio waves.

• Protocol:
– A set of rules that govern data communications.
– It represents an agreement between the communication devices.
Five components of data communication
Transmission Mode /Data flow
• Communication between two devices can be simplex, half-duplex, or
full-duplex .

• Simplex
The communication is
unidirectional, as on a one-way
street.
Transmission Mode /Data flow
• Half-duplex
– Each station can both transmit and
receive, but not at the same time.

• Full-duplex
Both stations can transmit and
receive simultaneously.
 Physical Structure/Network Architecture
Line Configuration in Computer Networks
A link is a communication pathway that transfer data from one device to another.

For communication to occur, two devices must be connected in some way to the same link at the same time.

There are two possible types of connections:

• Point-to-Point Connection
• Multipoint Connection

Point-to-Point Connection :
• A point-to-point connection provides a dedicated link between two devices.
• The entire capacity of the link is reserved for transmission between those two devices.
• Most point-to-point connections use a actual length of wire or cable to connect the two end, but other options such
as microwave or satellite links are also possible.
• Point to point network topology is considered to be one of the easiest and most conventional network
topologies.
• It is also the simplest to establish and understand.
•Example: Point-to-Point connection between remote control and Television for changing the channels.
Line Configuration in Computer Networks

• Point to Point Connection

Line Configuration in Computer Networks

Multipoint Connection :
• It is also called Multidrop configuration. In this connection two or more devices share a single link.
• More than two devices share the link that is the capacity of the channel is shared now. With shared
capacity, there can be two possibilities in a Multipoint Line configuration:

•Spatial Sharing: If several devices can share the link simultaneously, its called Spatially shared line
configuration.
•Temporal (Time) Sharing: If users must take turns using the link , then its called Temporally shared or
Time Shared Line configuration.
Line Configuration in Computer Networks

• Multipoint Connection
Categories of Networks

• LAN
A local area network (LAN) is usually privately owned and connects
some hosts in a single office, building, or campus.

• WAN
A wide area network (WAN) is also an interconnection of devices
capable of communication.
WAN has a wider geographical span, spanning a town, a state, a country, or even
the world.
NETWORKS
• A network is a set of devices (often referred to as nodes) connected by
communication links. A node can be a computer, printer, or any other device
capable of sending and/or receiving data generated by other nodes on the
network.
Network Criteria
Physical Structures
Categories of Networks
Network Models
Network Criteria
A network must be able to meet a certain number of criteria. The most important
of these are performance, reliability, and security.

Performance

Transit time is the amount of time required for a message to travel from one
device to another.

Response time is the elapsed time between an inquiry and a response.

The performance of a network depends on a number of factors, including the

number of users, the type of transmission medium, the capabilities of the
connected hardware, and the efficiency of the software.
Performance is evaluated by two networking metrics: throughput and delay
Reliability

To accuracy of delivery, network reliability is measured by the frequency of

failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a failure, and the network’s
robustness in a catastrophe.

Security

Network security issues include protecting data from unauthorized access,

protecting data from damage and development, and implementing policies
and procedures for recovery from data losses.
Thank You
MCADD-602 Advanced Computer Networks
• UNIT-I Introduction: Computer Network, Layered Network Architecture-Review of ISO-OSI Model., Transmission
Fundamentals-, Communication Media-Conductive Metal (Wired Cable), Optical Fiber links, Wireless Communication-
Radio links, Setellite Links, Communication Services & Devices, Telephone System., Integrated Service Digital
Network (ISDN)., Cellular Phone., ATM, Modulation & Demodulation-, Digital to Analog Conversion-Frequency
Modulation (FM), Amplitude, Modulation (AM), Phase Modulation (PM)., Analog to Digital Conversion-Pulse
Amplitude Modulation(PAM), Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Differential Pulse Code Modulation, (DPCM)., Modem
& Modem Types., Multiplexing-, Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)., Time Division Multiplexing (TDM),
Statistical Time Division Multiplexing (STDM)., Contention Protocol-, Stop-Go-Access Protocol, Aloha Protocol-Pure
aloha & Slotted aloha, Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD)
• UNIT-II Data Security and Integrity: Parity Checking Code, Cyclic redundancy checks (CRC), Hemming Code, Protocol
Concepts –, Basic flow control, Sliding window protocal-Go-Back-N protocol and selective repeat protocol, Protocol
correctness- Finite state machine
• UNIT-III Local Area Network: Ethernet : 802.3 IEEE standard, Token Ring : 802.5 IEEE standard, Token Bus : 802.4
IEEE standard, FDDI Protocol, DQDB Protocol, Inter Networking, Layer 1 connections- Repeater, Hubs, Layer 2
connections- Bridges, Switches, Layer 3 connectionsRouters, Gateways.
• UNIT-IV Wide Area Network: Introduction, Network routing, Routing Tables, Types of routing, Dijkstra’s Algorithm,
Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Link state routing, Open shortest path first, Flooding, Broadcasting, Multicasting, Congestion
& Dead Lock, Internet Protocols, Overview of TCP/IP, Transport protocols, Elements of Transport Protocol,
Transmission control protocol (TCP), User data-gram protocol (UDP).
• UNIT-V Network Security, Virtual Terminal Protocol, Overview of DNS, SNMP, email, WWW, Multimedia.
BOOKS
• 1. A.S.Tanenbaum, “Computer Network”, 4th addition,PHI
• 2. Forouzan “Data Communication and Networking 3ed”, TMH
• 3. J.F.Hayes, “Moduling and Analysis of Computer Communication
Networks”, Plenum Press
• 4. D.E.Comer, “Internetworking with TCP/IP”, Volume Ist & IInd, PHI
• 5. Willium Stalling, “Data & Computer communications”,Maxwell Macmillan
International Ed. 6. D.Bertsekas and R.Gallager,”Data Networks”, 2nd
Ed. ,PHI. 7. G.E. Keiser ,”Local Area Networks “, McGraw Hill, International
Ed
Syllabus .
MCA 202-Computer Network
UNIT I Introduction: Computer Network, Layered Network Architecture-Review of ISO-OSI Model.,
Transmission Fundamentals-, Communication Media-Conductive Metal (Wired Cable), Optical Fiber
links, Wireless Communication-Radio links, Satellite Links, Communication Services & Devices,
Telephone System., Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)., Cellular Phone., ATM. Network Security,
Virtual Terminal Protocol, Overview of DNS, SNMP, email, WWW, Multimedia.
UNIT II Data Security and Integrity: Parity Checking Code, Cyclic redundancy checks (CRC), Hemming
Code, Protocol Concepts –, Basic flow control, Sliding window protocol- Go-Back-N protocol and
selective repeat protocol, Protocol correctness- Finite state machine
UNIT III Local Area Network: Ethernet : 802.3 IEEE standard, Token Ring : 802.5 IEEE standard, Token
Bus : 802.4 IEEE standard, FDDI Protocol, DQDB Protocol, Inter Networking, Layer 1 connections-
Repeater, Hubs, Layer 2 connections- Bridges, Switches, Layer 3 connections Routers, Gateways.
UNIT IV Wide Area Network: Introduction, Network routing, Routing Tables, Types of routing, Dijkstra’s
Algorithm, Bellman-Ford Algorithm, Link state routing, Open shortest path first, Flooding, Broadcasting,
Multicasting, Congestion & Dead Lock, Internet Protocols, Overview of TCP/IP, Transport protocols,
Elements of Transport Protocol, Transmission control protocol (TCP), User data-gram protocol (UDP).
UNIT V Wireless Broadband Networks Technology Overview, Platforms and Standards: Wireless
broadband fundamentals and Fixed Wireless Broadband Systems, Platforms Enhanced Copper, Fibre Optic
and HFC, 3G Cellular, Satellites, ATM and Relay Technologies, HiperLAN2 Standard, Global 3G CDMA
Standard, CDMA Harmonization G3G Proposal for Protocol Layers
Syllabus Cont….
BOOKS
1. A.S.Tanenbaum, “Computer Network”, 4th addition,PHI
2. Forouzan “Data Communication and Networking 3ed”, TMH
3. J.F.Hayes, “Moduling and Analysis of Computer Communication Networks”, Plenum Press
4. D.E.Comer, “Internetworking with TCP/IP”, Volume Ist & IInd, PHI
5. Willium Stalling, “Data & Computer communications”,Maxwell Macmillan International
Ed.
6. D.Bertsekas and R.Gallager,”Data Networks”, 2nd Ed. ,PHI.
7. G.E. Keiser ,”Local Area Networks “, McGraw Hill, International Ed.
8. Joh R. Vacca, “Wireless Broadband Networks Handbook 3G, LMDS and Wireless Internet” Tata
McGraw-Hill, 2001