Bioremediation (1) 1

Reviving the Environment:
Bioremediation Techniques and

Prospects
CONCEPTS, ADVANTAGES, LIMITATIONS AND PROSPECTS
GROUP TWO(2)
INTRODUCTION
 Bioremediation was first discovered around 600 BC by the Romans. Although their
versions of the process aren't as developed as today's, it was the first bioremediation
process recorded.
 Environmental pollution has been on the rise in the past few decades due to increased
human activities.
 Bioremediation is a process where biological organisms are used to remove or neutralize

an environmental pollutant by metabolic process
 Biological organisms include
Fungi, bacteria and algae.

INTRODUCTION
 Examples of the biological organism include:
Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas,

Flavobacterium, Mycobacterium, Nitrosomonas, Xanthobacter
 The effectiveness of bioremediation depends on many factors; including, the chemical

nature and concentration of pollutants, the physicochemical characteristics of the
environment, and their accessibility to existing microorganisms, pH, temperature, oxygen
and nutrients.
INTRODUCTION
 TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION
Biopling, Windows, Land Farming, Bioreactor, Bioventing, Bioslurping, Biosparaging,

Phytoremidiation, Pearmeable Reactive Barrier.
 Environmentally friendly and cost effective are among the major advantages of
bioremediation c
MICROORGANISMS
 1. Role of Microorganisms in Bioremediation
 2. Microbial Consortium
 3. Types of Microbes Used in Bioremediation
- Aerobic Bacteria -Anaerobic Bacteria

FACTORS
 1. Factors Affecting Microbial Bioremediation
- Biotic Factors - Abiotic Factors
 2. Environmental Conditions
IN-SITU BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES
 It is the application of an onsite biological treatment of contaminated soil and

groundwater to eliminate lethal compounds present in the environment
 This is done without excavating the soil or without pumping and treating
groundwater above soil.
 It relies on the use of microbes or plants to degrade or immobilize contaminants in

situ
TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION: IN-SITU
 Types of in situ
1. Intrinsic Bioremediation
2. Engineered Bioremediation .
 Bioventing.
 Biosparging.
 Bioslurping.
 Phytoremediation.
 Permeable reactive barrier
EX-SITU BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES
 Involves digging pollutants from polluted sites and transporting them to

another site for treatment. This method is used depending on the following
factors;
 depth and degree of pollution
 type of pollutant
 geographic location of the polluted site
 There are two types of ex-situ bioremediation treatments

 Solid phase treatment
 Slurry-phase treatment
BIOREMEDIATION TECHNIQUES: EX-SITU
 i. Solid-phase treatment
 Contaminated soil is excavated and piled into heaps
 Bacteria is moved through pipes distributed throughout the heaps/piles
 For ventilation and microbial respiration in the heaps, air pulling is necessary
 Requires more space and involves soil sediments
 Time-consuming as compared to slurry-phase processes.
 Includes biopiles, windows, land farming, composting, and biofilter
 ii. Slurry phase treatment

 Includes the use of a bioreactor to degrade pollutants in the soil
 Contaminated soil is mixed with water, nutrients, and oxygen
 Soil sediments and stones are removed and it is a more rapid procedure
TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION: EX-SITU
 Biopiling
 Includes above-ground piling of contaminated soil which is treated with controlled aeration, nutrients,
and irrigation.
 Applicable to various pollutants, including low molecular weight volatiles and pollutants in cold
environments.
 Requires robust engineering and operation, faces limitations in remote areas without power supply,
and risks over-drying and volatilization with excessive heating.
 Windrows
 Turning polluted soil in windrows improves aeration, nutrients, and microbial activity for faster
hydrocarbon biodegradation than biopiles.
 Not suitable for volatile pollutants due to potential release during turning and greenhouse gas
emissions from anaerobic zones.
 Windrows work for hydrocarbons, but not for volatile compounds.
TYPES OF BIOREMEDIATION: EX-SITU
 Land Farming
 It is affordable and requires minimal equipment.
 Can be used for both ex-situ (off-site) and in-situ (on-site) treatment, depending on the depth and
type of pollutant.
 Here, autochthonous microbes degrade pollutants in the excavated soil, leading to large-scale eco-
friendly remediation.
 Bioreactor
 Offer precise control over crucial parameters like pH, temperature, and agitation significantly
accelerating biodegradation.
 Provides a controlled environment that optimizes biological reactions by minimizing undesirable
abiotic losses.
 Customized treatment targets specific pollutants for efficient remediation of contaminated samples.
BIOREMEDIATION PROSPECTS
 Bioremediation holds promising prospects for environmental cleanup and restoration due to
its eco-friendly and cost-effective nature. Here are some key prospects of bioremediation:
 Versatility
 Environmental Friendliness
 Cost-Effectiveness
 Applicability to Various Environments
 Research and Innovation
 Regulatory Support
BIOREMEDIATION APPLICATION AND
ADVANTAGES
 APPLICATION
 Bioremediation must be considered as appropriate methods that can applied to all states
of matter in the environment
 i. Solids (soils, sediment and sludge)
 ii. Liquids (ground water, surface water and industrial waste water)
BIOREMEDIATION APPLICATION AND
ADVANTAGES
 ADVANTAGES
 It is a natural process
 It requires less effort and can be carried out on-site
 It does not use any dangerous chemicals
 It is cost effective as compared to other method of waste management.

BIOREMEDIATION DISADVANTAGES AND
LIMITATIONS
 LIMITATION
 Bioremediation is limited to those compounds that are biodegradable.
 This method is susceptible to rapid and complete degradation.
 Products of biodegradation may be more persistent or toxic than the parent compound
in the environment
BIOREMEDIATION DISADVANTAGES AND
LIMITATIONS
 DISADVANTAGE
 It has a restriction for biodegradable compound
 The new products of the biodegradation may be more toxic than the parent products
 Research is required for the development of biodegradation technology for certain
sites.
 It is a bit of a challenge to move it from the bench to actual fieldwork.

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Reviving the Environment:

Bioremediation Techniques and

 Bioremediation is a process where biological organisms are used to remove or neutralize

 Biological organisms include

Fungi, bacteria and algae.

Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas,

 The effectiveness of bioremediation depends on many factors; including, the chemical

Biopling, Windows, Land Farming, Bioreactor, Bioventing, Bioslurping, Biosparaging,

 3. Types of Microbes Used in Bioremediation

- Aerobic Bacteria -Anaerobic Bacteria

 1. Factors Affecting Microbial Bioremediation

- Biotic Factors - Abiotic Factors

 It is the application of an onsite biological treatment of contaminated soil and

 It relies on the use of microbes or plants to degrade or immobilize contaminants in

 Involves digging pollutants from polluted sites and transporting them to

 There are two types of ex-situ bioremediation treatments

 ii. Slurry phase treatment

 Applicability to Various Environments

 Research and Innovation

 i. Solids (soils, sediment and sludge)

 It requires less effort and can be carried out on-site

 It does not use any dangerous chemicals

 It is cost effective as compared to other method of waste management.

 Bioremediation is limited to those compounds that are biodegradable.

 This method is susceptible to rapid and complete degradation.

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