Power Plant Design 2020

POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINE SETTING
2ND SEMESTER SY 2020 – 2021
May 19, 2021
Engr. Nicanor L. Serrano

IMPORTANCE OF POWER PLANTS:
Cheap and abundant supply of electric power is the major

factor in the development of country.
Modern life is so much dependent upon electric power that

the per capita consumption of electricity is often an index
of the economic development, prosperity and standard of
living of a nation.
SOURCES OF ENERGY
MAIN SOURCES OF ENERGY:

A. Fossil Fuels
1. Coal
2. Oil
3. Natural Gas
B. Renewable
1. Geothermal
2. Hydro
3. Wind
4. Solar
5. Ocean, Tidal, Wave
6. Biomass
TYPES OF POWER PLANT:
A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of

equipment that generates and delivers a flow of
mechanical and electrical energy.
Two Types of Power Plant:

1. Stationary Power Plants
2. Mobile Power Plants
Thermal Power Plants:
- Steam, Internal Combustion Engine, Gas Turbine, and
Nuclear are called “Thermal Plants” since these convert heat
into electric energy
CLASSIFICATIONS OF STATIONARY
POWER PLANTS
Base Load Power Plants. These plants have high rated output,
high capital cost and low operating costs. (Ex. Coal-fired,
Hydro-electric, Geothermal, Nuclear plants). More than 5000
full power-hrs per year (capacity factor >57%)
Intermediate Load Power Plants. Power plants with more than
2000 power-hrs per year but less than 5000 full power-hrs per
year (capacity factor >23-57%) (Ex. Combined Cycle, Oil fuel
units)
Peak Load Power Plants. Less than 200 power-hrs per year.
(capacity factor <23%). (Ex. Diesel power plants, small umped
storage hydro-electric plants
CLASSIFICATIONS OF STATIONARY
POWER PLANTS
Central Power Plants. These plants are set up by the
government or other public sectors and organizations for general
to consumers. The capital costs are very high but operating costs
are low.
Captive Power Plants. These power plants are set up and
operated by manufacturing and production companies for their
own use.
PHILIPPINES 2018 ENERGY DATA
• 2018 POWER DEMAND AND SUPPLY HIGLIGHTS:
•PEAK DEMAND = 14,782 MW

•INSTALLED CAPACITY = 23,815 MW
•DEPENDABLE CAPACITY = 21,241 MW
•AVAILABLE CAPACITY = 16,601 MW
•NEWLY OPERATIONAL INSTALLED CAPACITY = 934
MW
Source: DOE (2019)
• INSTALLED CAPACITY. maximum amount of electricity
that the power plant can produce. The total manufacturer-rated
capacity of equipment (as indicated in the nameplate)
• DEPENDABLE CAPACITY. The load carrying ability of an
electric power plant or a generating unit. The capacity that can
be relied upon (monthly or annually).
• AVAILABLE CAPACITY. The current available capacity of
an electric power plant. The ability of a power plant or a
generating unit to produce electricity in a certain time period
(hourly or daily)
• PEAK DEMAND. The maximum electrical demand
occurring at any given period of time
GENERATING CAPACITY OF
POWER PLANTS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Coal, Installed = 8,844 MW, Dependable = 8,368 MW
Oil-Based, Installed = 4,292 MW, Dependable = 2,995 MW
Natural Gas, Installed = 3,453 MW, Dependable = 3,286MW
Hydroelectric, Installed = 3,701 MW, Dependable = 3,473MW
Geothermal, Installed = 1,944 MW, Dependable = 1,770 MW
Solar, Installed = 896 MW, Dependable = 740 MW
Wind, Installed = 427 MW, Dependable = 427 MW
Biomass, Installed = 258 MW, Dependable = 182 MW
Source: DOE, As of March 29, 2019

POWER CONSUMPTION PER SECTOR
RESIDENTIAL = 28,261 GW-HR
INDUSTRIAL = 27,587 GW-HR
COMMERCIAL = 24,016 GW-HR
OTHERS = 2,753 GW-HR
POWER GENERATION BY GRID

LUZON = 72,728 GW-HR
VISAYAS = 14,266 GW-HR
MINDANAO = 12,770 GW-HR
EXISTING POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
COAL, largest is the 2-unit Sual Coal Fired with a combined
capacity of 1,294 MW
NATURAL GAS, largest is the Ilijan Combined Cycle Gas
Turbine with a combined capacity of 1,200 MW
OIL-BASED, largest is the Bauang Diesel Power Plant with a
capacity of 190 MW
OIL-THERMAL, largest is the MALAYA Thermal Plant with a
combined capacity of 650 MW with a dependable capacity of
150 MW.
EXISTING POWER PLANTS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
Blended Fuel Oil (Gas Turbine), Limay Combined Cycle Gas
Turbine with a capacity of 540 MW
GEOTHERMAL, largest is the UNIFIED LEYTE flash-type
steam recovery with a combined capacity of 538 MW
HYDRO-ELECTRIC, largest is the Kalayaan Hydro-electric
Power Plant with a capacity of 720 MW
WIND, largest is the Burgos On-shore Wind Power Plant with a
capacity of 150 MW
SOLAR, largest is the HELIOS Solar Plant with a capacity of
108 MW in Negros Occidental
ELECTRICITY GENERATION
 Much of the energy used by society is in the form of electricity. Distribution of
energy sources as used to generate electricity worldwide:
INFRASTRUCTURE COST OF ENERGY
• For Coal, US$ 500 per KW

• For Wind, US$ 800 per KW
• For Natural Gas, US$ 1000 per KW
• For Hydroelectric, US$ 1000 per KW
• For Geothermal, US$ 2500 per KW
• For Nuclear, US$ 3000 per KW
• For Solar, US$ 4000 per KW
COST OF ELECTRICITY PER KW-HR
• Coal, US$ 0.025 per KW-HR

• Natural Gas, US$ 0.04 per KW-HR
• Hydroelectric, US$ 0.05 per KW-HR
• Wind, US$ 0.06 per KW-HR
• Nuclear, US$ 0.065 per KW-HR
• Geothermal, US$ 0.08 per KW-HR
• Solar, US$ 0.30 per KW-HR
COST OF ELECTRICITY RESIDENTIAL
• United States, US$ 0.10 per KW-HR
• Canada, US$ 0.108 per KW-HR
• France, US$ 0.194 per KW-HR
• United Kingdom, US$ 0.22 per KW-HR
• Australia, US$ 0.25 per KW-HR
• Sweden, US$ 0.27 per KW-HR
• The Netherlands, US$ 0.289 per KW-HR
• Brazil, US$ 0.342 per KW-HR
• Germany, US$ 0.365 per KW-HR
• Denmark, US$ 0.404 per KW-HR
• Japan, US$ 0.262 per KW-HR
• China, US$ 0.078 per KW-HR
• Philippines, US$ 0.219 per KW-HR
Based on 2012, 1USS$ = P43.54
CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES
• FOSSIL FUELS
 For the past 150 years, fossil fuels have formed the largest
component of our energy use. During that time, we have used
up a substantial fraction of the available fossil fuel resources.
These resources are not renewable, and their depletion will
ultimately require the implementation of alternative sources of
energy. Estimates of the longevity of fossil fuel resources are
difficult and depend on a number of factors.
CONVENTIONAL ENERGY RESOURCES
FOSSIL FUELS
Clearly, our current use of fossil fuels can not continue
indefinitely. Dwindling supplies will force us to consider other
energy options. However, environmental concerns supply the
motivation to pursue alternative energy opportunities as a means
of reducing the adverse effects of fossil fuel use. The
infrastructure of human society is based on the use of substantial
quantities of energy. Because most alternative energy sources
have relatively low energy densities, developing a sufficient
quantity of these resources to meet our needs is an enormous
undertaking.
FOSSIL FUEL USE
• Fossil fuels originate from ancient organic matter that has

been subject to high temperature and pressures inside the earth
over periods of million years. Depending on the details of the
starting material and the formation conditions, the resulting
fossil fuel can be solid (coal), liquid (oil), or gas (natural gas).
This can not be renewed. It continues to deplete upon usage.
OIL
• Oil and its derivatives are the largest single energy sources at
present. It includes gasoline and diesel. This is due to the facts
that there is an enormous infrastructure for extracting these
resources from the earth, processing them, and using them,
and that, at present, they remain inexpensive compared with
most other sources of energy. One of the major uses of oil and
its derivatives is as a fuel for transportation because of their
high energy density and the convenience of their liquid or
gaseous form.
COAL
• Coal is formed, much as oil and natural gas are, over extended
periods of elevated pressure and temperature. In the case of
coal, however, the organic material originates from terrestrial
plant matter. Coal formation, is relatively an efficient process
in which typically about 0.8% of the original carbon in the
plant matter ends up as coal. The oldest and the hardest known
coal is anthracite, and this has the highest carbon content.
Other types are bituminous, sub-bituminous and lignite.

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POWER PLANTS IN THE

May 19, 2021

Engr. Nicanor L. Serrano

Cheap and abundant supply of electric power is the major

Modern life is so much dependent upon electric power that

MAIN SOURCES OF ENERGY:

A power plant may be defined as a machine or assembly of

Two Types of Power Plant:

• 2018 POWER DEMAND AND SUPPLY HIGLIGHTS:

•PEAK DEMAND = 14,782 MW

Source: DOE, As of March 29, 2019

POWER GENERATION BY GRID

• For Coal, US$ 500 per KW

• Coal, US$ 0.025 per KW-HR

• Fossil fuels originate from ancient organic matter that has

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