Chapter 4

Input and Output

What Is Input?

• Input is any data

and instructions
entered into the
memory of a
computer
What Is Input?
Keyboard Pointing devices Touch screens Pen input

• Commonly used input methods include:

Scanners and
Motion input Voice input Video input
reading devices
Keyboards

• A keyboard is an input device that contains keys

users press to enter data and instructions into a
computer or mobile device
Keyboards
Typing area Function keys Toggle key

• Most desktop
Navigation keys computer
Keyboardkeyboards have…
Media control
shortcut keys buttons

Internet
control buttons
Keyboards

• There are a variety of keyboard options for

computers and mobile devices
Keyboards

• An ergonomic keyboard has a design that reduces the

chance of repetitive strain injuries of wrist and hand
• Ergonomics incorporates comfort, efficiency, and safety in
the design of the workplace
 A pointer
Pointing Devices is a small
symbol on the screen
whose location and
shape change as a user
moves a pointing device
Pointing Devices

• A mouse is a pointing device that fits under the

palm of your hand comfortably
• Optical mouse, laser mouse, and touch mouse
Pointing Devices
• A touchpad is a • A trackball is a
small, flat, stationary pointing
Toucrectangular pointing Trackball device with a ball on
device that is its top or side
sensitive to pressure
and motion
Touch Screens

• A touch screen is a touch-sensitive display

Pen Input

• With pen input, you touch a stylus or digital pen on a flat

surface to write, draw, or make selections
Pen Input

• A graphics tablet, also

called a digitizer, is an
electronic plastic board
that detects and
converts movements of
a style or digital pen
into signals that are
sent to the computer
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• With motion input, sometimes called gesture

recognition, users can guide on-screen elements
using air gestures
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Voice input is the

process of entering input
by speaking into a
microphone
• Voice recognition, also
called speech
recognition, is the
computer or mobile
device’s capability of
distinguishing spoken
words
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• Audio input is the

process of entering any
sound into the computer
such as speech, music,
and sound effects
• Music production
software allows users to
record, compose, mix,
and edit music and
sounds
Record video on a digital video (DV)
Motion, Voice, and Video Input
camera
• Video input is the process of capturing full-motion images and
storing them on a computer or mobile device’s storage medium
Transfer video to a computer or mobile
device
 Send email Broadcast live
Motion, Voice,
Capture video and
still images
and Video
messages with Input
images or video
video attachments over the Internet

• A webcam is a type of DV camera that enables a

user to: Conduct
Make video calls
videoconferences
Motion, Voice, and Video Input

• A videoconference is a meeting between two or

more geographically separated people
Scanners and Reading Devices

• A scanner is a light-sensing input device that

reads printed text and graphics and then
translates the results into a form the computer
can process
• A flatbed scanner works in a manner similar to a copy
machine except it creates a file of the document in
memory instead of a paper copy
Scanners and Reading Devices
Scanners and Reading Devices

• An optical reader is a device that uses a light

source to read characters, marks, and codes
and then converts them into digital data that
a computer can process
• Optical character recognition (OCR)
• Optical mark recognition (OMR)
Scanners and Reading Devices

• A bar code reader, also

called a bar code
scanner uses laser
beams to read bar
codes
• A QR code stores
information in both a
vertical and horizontal
direction
 Gauging

Scanners and Reading Devices

Tracking times of Tracking location of
Checking lift tickets temperature and
runners in a people and other Managing inventory
of skiers pressure of tires on a
marathon items
vehicle

Tracking payment as
• RFID (radio
Checking frequency
out library identification)
Providing access to uses
Managing radio signals to
purchases
vehicles pass
books rooms or buildings through booths on
communicate with a tag placed in or attached to an object tollway systems

• An RFID reader reads information on the tag via radio waves

• RFID can track:
Credit cards
Scanners and
Entertainment cards
Reading Devices
Bank cards
• Magstripe readers read the magnetic stripe on
the backcards
Identification of cards such as:
Other similar cards
Scanners and Reading Devices
• MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) devices read text
printed with magnetized ink
• An MICR reader converts MICR characters into a form the
computer can process
• Banking industry uses MICR for check processing
Scanners and Reading Devices

• A data collection device obtains data directly at

the location where the transaction or event takes
place
What Is Output?

• Output is data
that has been
processed into
a useful form
Displays

• A display visually conveys text, graphics, and

video information
• A monitor is a display that is packaged as a
separate peripheral device
• LCD monitor
Displays

• The quality of a display depends primarily on its:

Resolution Response time Brightness

Dot pitch Contrast ratio

Displays

• Today’s monitors use a digital signal to produce a

picture
• To display the highest quality images, the monitor
should plug into:
• A DVI port
• An HDMI port
• A DisplayPort
Displays

• Home users sometimes

use a digital television
(DTV) as a display
• HDTV is the most
advanced form of digital
television
• A Smart TV is an
Internet-enabled HDTV
Printers

• A printer
produces text
and graphics on
a physical
medium
• Before
purchasing a
printer, ask
yourself a series
of questions
Printers

• A nonimpact printer forms characters and

graphics on a piece of paper without actually
contacting the paper

Ink-jet Photo All-in-one Thermal

Laser printers
printers printers printers printers

Mobile Label Large-format

Plotters
printers printers printers
Printers

• An ink-jet printer forms characters and graphics by

spraying tiny drops of liquid ink onto a piece of paper
• Color or black-and-white
• Speed is measured by the number of pages per minute (ppm) it
can print
Printers

A photo printer produces lab-

quality photos
• Many use ink-jet technology
• PictBridge allows you to print photos
directly from a digital camera
• Print from a memory card
Printers
Printers

High-
speed

Black-
and-
Laser High-
white printer quality

Color
Printers

• An all-in-one printer is a single device that prints,

scans, copies, and in some cases, faxes
• Also called a multifunction printer
Printers

• A 3-D printer uses a process called additive

manufacturing to create an object by adding
material to a three-dimensional object, one
horizontal layer at a time
Printers

• A thermal printer generates images by pushing

electrically heated pins against the heat-sensitive
paper

Dye-
sublimation
printer
Printers

• A mobile printer is a small, lightweight, battery-

powered printer that allows a mobile user to print
from a mobile device
Printers

• A label printer is a small printer that prints on an

adhesive-type material that can be placed on a
variety of items
Printers

• Plotters are used to produce high-quality

drawings
• Large-format printers create photo-realistic
quality color prints
Printers

• Impact printers form characters and graphics on a

piece of paper by striking a mechanism against an
inked ribbon that physically contacts the paper
Other Output Devices

• Many users attach surround sound speakers or

speaker systems to their computers, game
consoles, and mobile devices to generate higher-
quality sounds
Other Output Devices

• Headphones are
speakers that cover or
are placed outside of
the ear
• Earbuds (also called
earphones) rest inside
the ear canal
Other Output Devices

• A data projector is a
device that projects the
text and images
displaying on a
computer or mobile
device screen on a
larger screen so that an
audience can see the
image clearly
Other Output Devices

• An interactive
whiteboard is a touch-
sensitive device,
resembling a dry-erase
board, that displays the
image on a connected
computer screen
Other Output Devices

• Joysticks, wheels, gamepads, and motion-sensing

game controllers can be considered output
devices when they include force feedback
• Technology that sends resistance to the device in
response to actions of the user
Assistive Technology Input and Output

Head-mounted pointer Braille printer

Tutorial:

• Question 1: (2 Marks)
• Differentiate between input and output.
• Question 2: (8 Marks)
• State and describe TWO (2) examples of
input devices and TWO (2) examples of
output devices.