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    Reham Baloch

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    Reham Baloch

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    Reham Baloch

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    European Integration & the

    European Union Enlargement

    Reham Murad Baloch


    1917204
    Introduction

     European Integration is the process of industrial, economic, political, legal, social and
    cultural integration of states which are part of Europe (wholly or partially)
     The main goals of the European Union within its border is to promote peace and value the
    wellbeing of its citizens
     Enlargement of European Union refers to the process in which states join the EU after
    fulfilling a set of political and economic conditions
    The Aftermath of the World War II & the
    Schuman Declaration

     After the World War II, Europe was severely devastated both economically and socially
     Large parts of Europe had been destroyed with cities and towns reduced to rubble
     Food shortages
     Significant economic disruption (high unemployment)
     War debt
     The Schuman Declaration was made on May 9th, 1950
     It was a vision of European unity
     Schuman Declaration led to the Establishment of the European Coal & Steel Community and the signing of
    the Treaty of Paris in 1951
    The European Coal and Steel Community

     ECSC was an organization founded in 1951 to promote economic cooperation and integrity among six
    European countries
     Main objective of the ECSC was to create a common market for coal and steel
     ECSC was successful in achieving its objectives as it helped to create a common market further leading to
    economic growth
     ECSC was the predecessor of the current European Union (found in 1993)
     In 1957, ECSC was expanded leading to the Treaties of Rome
     European Economic Community (EEC) and the European Atomic Energy Community (Euratom) were
    created
    The Maastricht Treaty

     Also known as the Treaty of European Union, was signed on February 7th, 1992 in Dutch
    city of Maastricht
     The treaty established the European Union
     Introduced the concept of Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) which led to creation of
    Euro currency and the European Central Bank
     Established the concept of European citizenship
     Introduced a common Foreign and Security Policy
     Gave more power to the European Parliament
     Strengthened the European Court of Justice
    Enlargement of the European Union

     In 1973, Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom joined the EU


     1980s, Greece, Portugal and Spain joined
     In 1995, Austria, Finland and Sweden became EU members
     Largest Enlargement of the EU was in 2004 when ten new member states joined
     In 2007, Bulgaria and Romania joined the EU
     Croatia joined the EU as late as 2013
     In 2020, UK left the EU
     The enlargement process is open to all European countries that can meet the “Copenhagen Criteria
    Conclusion

     In this paper, European Integration and Enlargement is covered more on a


    historical view-point
     However, in recent times, EU Enlargement has been a controversial issue
     BREXIT which happened in 2016 had a significant impact on the European
    Union as it led to debates about the future of the EU
     The European Union is currently in negotiations with several countries
    Thank you

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