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Basic Electricity

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jane.cruz
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7 views

Basic Electricity

Uploaded by

jane.cruz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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-Similarly, when an electrical

-Heat energy flows from a body of conductor is connected to different


higher temperature to a lower electric potentials, charge flows from
temperature one end to the other end of the
-The flow ceases when both bodies conductor. Without potential difference,
no charge flows as well.
reach the same temperature
BASIC
ELECTRIC
ITY
-To attain a sustained flow
of charge in a conductor,
an electrical set up must
maintain a difference in
potential while charge
flows from one end to the
other
Electric current (I) is the rate of flow of electric charges from one
point to another in a circuit. It is measured in Amperes (A). One
ampere is a rate of flow equal to 1 coulomb of charge per second.

Mathematically, electrical current is given by:

I=𝑞𝑡
where:
I = current in Amperes (A)
q = charge in coulombs (C)
t = time in seconds (s)
Trivia!
The standard unit of charge is
coulomb. One coulomb is the
electric charge of 6.25 billion
electrons. So, if a wire carries 5
amperes, 5 coulombs of charges
flow through the wire each
second. This means that there are
31.25 billion electrons flowing
from one point of a circuit to
another.
A sustained current in conducting wire requires a suitable pumping device; meaning,
charges will flow only when they are pushed or driven. The work needed 6 per unit
charge to move between two points is called voltage (V), expressed in unit volt (V).

Voltage (V) is what makes a current move.

Mathematically, voltage is given by:

V = 𝑊𝑞
where:
V = voltage in volts (V)
W = work in Joule (J)
q = charge in coulomb (C)
A common automobile battery, as shown in figure 1, will provide a
voltage of 12 volts to a circuit connected across its terminals. Then 12
joules of energy are supplied to each coulomb of charge that is made
to flow in the circuit. Remember, voltage does not go anywhere, it
only drives the charges to move.

*Electrical symbol of 10V battery


(each pair corresponds to 2V)
Electrical resistance (R) is the opposition to the flow of current by the
conducting wire. The electrical resistance of the wire depends on its
thickness, length, and conductivity.

• Thick wires have less resistance than thin wires because thick wires
have greater cross-sectional area for the electron to flow than thin
wires
• Moreover, longer wires have more resistance than shorter wires
because longer wires have longer path for the current to flow
• Copper wires have less resistance than steel wires of the same size
because copper has higher conductivity than steel.
• At higher temperature, atoms are violently vibrating that can result to
greater collision, creating more resistance against the flow of current.
Electrical resistance is measured in ohms (Ω), named after Georg Simon
Ohm. An electronic device that is designed to resist the flow of current is
known as a resistor.

*Electrical symbol of Light bulb

*Another example of resistor


*Electrical symbol of Resistor is light bulb
bulb.
Ohm’s Law
In a simple circuit, voltage is directly proportional to
current. Its proportionality constant is R = Resistance.

V=IR
Where: V = voltage expressed in volt (V)
I = Current expressed in Ampere (A)
R = Resistance expressed in ohm (Ω)
Example 1
Find the resistance in Ω of a single motor horn if it has a voltage of
6 V and current of 2 A.
Given:
Voltage (V) = 6 V;
Current (I) = 2 A
Required: Resistance (R)
Solution: Ohm’s Law: V = I R
R=𝑉
𝐼
= 6V/2A
= 3Ω
Example 2
If a circuit has a resistance of 44 Ω and a current of 5 A,
what is its voltage?
Given: Resistance (R) = 44 Ω

Current (I) = 5 A
Required: Voltage (V)
Solution: Ohm’s Law V = I R

V = 44 Ω x 5
= 220 V
Example 3
What will happen to the current if the resistance is tripled? State the
relationship of current and resistance based on your answer.
V=IR
So originally 𝐼 = 𝑉
𝑅

If R is tripled then, 𝐼 =𝑉 = 1 V
3𝑅 3 R

Therefore, when resistance is tripled, the current is reduced by one third.


The result shows that when resistance is increased at constant voltage, the
current
is reduced.
Example 1:

What will be the voltage if the


resistance is 4 ohms and current
is 12 A?

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