Beans

Production Technology of
Beans
By
Dr. Pushpendra Kumar
Assistant Professor
Production Technology of the following crops
French Bean Phaseolus vulgaris
Cluster Bean Cyamopsis tetragonolobus
Cowpea Vigna unguiculata
CLIMATE:
-  Beans is a warm season crops, sensitive to frost and very high
temperature.
 No seed germination below 16ºC. Seed germination takes
place between 16-29ºC but suitable temperature is 16-21ºC.
 At higher temperature they do not grow well and drooping of
blossoms at flowering time
SOIL:-
 The well drained fertile, sandy loam soils
 The optimum range of soil pH is 5.5 to 6.5
INTERCULTURE OPERATION:-
 Hoieng and earthing-up are done mainly in the standing crop
 Hoieng is done to remove the weeds and pulerize the soil for proper
aeration.
 Generally, two hoieng are sufficient to keep the field free from
weeds.
 Root injury should be avoided during the operation
MANURES& FERTILIZERS:-
 Incorporate 200-250 q FYM or compost per hectare in the soil at the
time of field preparation.
 Apply 30-40 kg Nitrogen, 80 kg Phosphorus and 60 kg Potash as
besal dose before sowing.
 Half N, full P and K are applied as basal dose and remaining N is
applied 25-30 days after sowing.
Stacking:-
 Stacking is a major intercultural operation of beans.
 Indeterminate type varieties need stacking for proper plant stand
and to avoid deterioration of pods by touching the ground.
 It also facilitates in pod pickling over different periods a single
bamboo stick of 1.8-2 meter length is fixed near each.
Irrigation
Though a hardy crop, irrigation increases yield. Irrigation at flowering
and fruiting stages is the most critical. For getting high yield in
vegetable types, irrigation may be done at 5 days interval.
FRENCH BEAN
B.N- Phaseolus vulgaris
Family- Leguminoceae
2n – 22
Origin- Mexico
 French bean is also known as common bean, kidneybean,

haricot bean, snap-bean or garden bean and rajma
VARIETIES
The varieties of french bean are two types
Pole types:- These varieties are tall , Bush type:- Plants are dwarf and
indeterminate in growth and require bushy in their growth habit. they are
support. popular because of compactness, easy
harvest and short duration.
Varieties
Pusa himlata Giant stringless
VL lata bean 12 Contender
Laxmi(P-37) Pusa parvati
Arka komal
Jampa
Bontiful
Seed rate & spacing
Variety Seed rate(kg/ha.) Spacing(R×P)
Pole type 30-40 90×30 cm

Bush type 80-90 45×15cm
Sowing time:-
In plains, it is sown twice in a year i.e. July to Septmber
and January to February.
March april is the optimum time of sowing in hills.
Harvesting:-
For vegetable purpose the pods are picked when they
are tender, immature and non fibours.
Bush varieties are ready for picking in 45 days after sowing
Where as, pole type start fruiting after 70 days and
continous Up to 6 months.
Yield:-
Generally the green pod yield bush and pole types is 80-100
and 100-140 q/ha
 Scientific Name : Cyamopsis tetragonolobus
 Family- Leguminoceae
 Chromosome number : 2n = 14
 Origin : India
 Cluster bean is a drought tolerant warm season
annual legume crop grown for its tender fruits
for use as vegetable.
 Cluster bean is also known as “ Guar ”.
VARIETIES
 Goma manjari
 Pusa mausami
 Pusa sadabahar
 Pusa navbahar
 Sharad bahar
 Sowing time – main season – June –July
Early crop – Feb-March
 Spacing :- 45-60 cm x 15 cm.

 Seed rate :- 25-30 kg/ha.
HARVESTING
 crop duration 120 days.
 Green pods are ready for harvest 45 days after sowing
 spray of CCC @ 2000ppm increases the yield, or sodium
molybdate @ 0.15% at 15th and 30th day after seedling
emergence
 Seed pods are brown and dry at maturity.
YIELD
 Green pod yield of 5-8 tonnes/ha.
 seed yield of 0.6 to 1.0 q/ha
COWPEA/ LOBIA
 Scientific Name : Vigna unguiculata

 Family- Leguminoceae
 Chromosome number : 2n = 22
 Origin : Africa
 It is Summer and rainy season crop.
 Lobia is Called as vegetable meat
Varietie
IIHR, Bangalore
 Sel-61-B
s NBPGR, New Delhi
 Pusa Rituraj,
 Sel-1552
PAU, Ludhiana
 Arka Garima  Cowpea-263,
IARI New Delhi
 Pusa Do Fasali
 Pusa Phalguni
 Pusa Barsati
 Pusa Komal
NDUAT, Faizabad
 Narendra Lobia-1
 Selection-2-1,
 Yard long bean,
 Philippines Early,
Sowing time
 In Plains
 June July
 February- March
 Southern Plains
 December- January
 In hills
 April May
Seed rate and Sowing
 Rainy season : 12-15 Kg/ha
 Spring season: 20-25 Kg/ha
 Sowing should be done two days after irrigation
 Drill the seed

 2-3cm deep
 45-60 cm
Row to
Row ( rainy
season)
 25-30 cm
Row to
Row
(summer
Harvesting & Yield
For market crop
o Early varieties ready in 45 days
o Green and tender pods
o Harvest before pods become fibrous
o Frequent pickings at 2-3 days interval
o Green pod yield : 75-100 q/ha
Seed crop
 Matures in 75-125 days
 Seed yield : 10-15 q/ha.
INSECT PEST OF BEANS
Bean thrips:-
 Thrips may damage seedling as well as
flowers. they can disrupt pollination in late
stage
Aphid (Aphis craccivora):-
 Minute insects suck the cell sap from the tender parts. plant
growth in retarted
 Stunting of plants and delayed maturity can occurs in extreme
cases
Lesser corn stalk borer (Elosmopalapus lignosus):-
 This is a polyphagous pest.
 Plant may be stunted and wilt during hot days because larvae
attack roots and stalk near the soil line.
Pod borer (Heliothes armigera):-
 They insect starts to feed on the pods and finally bore into them
and make to the pods unfit to human consumption.
Hairy caterpillar (Ascotis imprata):-

 Larvae feed on the leaves.
Bean weevil (Bruchus sp.):-

 It is a storage pest and makes the seeds unfit for consumption and
sowing.
MANAGEMENT OF INSECT PEST:-
 Spray the crop with Malathion (0.1%) or Phosphamidon

(0.5%) or Methyl Demeton (0.2%).
 Spray of Cabaryl(0.2%) at 15 days interval.
 Removal affected part of the plant.
 Incorporate Carbofuran 3G @ 25 Kg/ha in the soil before sowing
DISEASES OF BEANS
Anthracnose (Colletotricum lindamulthianum):-
 The symptoms appear on all palnt parts like leaf, stem, and
pods . but the most characteristic symptoms appear on the pods.
 On immature pods black sunken cankers with light coloured or
grey centers appear with the raised borders.
Rust (Uromyces appendiculatus):-
 Minute dark brown and slightly raised spots appear on the
lower surface of leaves.
 High humidity is favourable.
Common mosaic virus:-
 Most important viral disease of french bean in india
 Infected plant show molting of leaves and different types of leaf
malformation.
 It is transmitted by mechanical sap inoculation and also by pollen
and infected seeds.under natural conditions the virus is transmitted
by vectors like Aphis gossypii. A.craccivera, Myzus persicae
Leaf spot (Cercospora cruenta):-
 Irregular water soacked lesions develop on the older
leaves
 The spots turn raddish-brown to brown .
 Ashy-grey with purplish borders appear at later stages
Powdery mildew
Caused by Leveillula taurica. White Powdery
growth appears on the Leaf upper surface which and Also
affect pods.
MANAGEMENT OF DISEASES
 Collect and destroy affected plants.
 Treat the seeds with Bavistin @ 2 g/Kg seed.
 Use disease free seed.
 Grow resistant varieties.
 Spray the crop with Bavistin(0.05%) or Dithane M-45(0.25%)
at 8-10 days interval
 Follow long term crop rotation.
 Treat the seeds with Ceresan (2%)
 Apply Phorate 10 G@ 20 Kg/ha in the soil at the time of sowing

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Production Technology of

 French bean is also known as common bean, kidneybean,

Pole type 30-40 90×30 cm

 Spacing :- 45-60 cm x 15 cm.

 Scientific Name : Vigna unguiculata

 Sowing should be done two days after irrigation

 Drill the seed

Hairy caterpillar (Ascotis imprata):-

Bean weevil (Bruchus sp.):-

 Spray the crop with Malathion (0.1%) or Phosphamidon

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