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Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Introduction To Atoms Slide Notes

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13 views

Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Introduction To Atoms Slide Notes

chem

Uploaded by

usering
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to

Atoms

Chapter 3 Lesson 1 Science 7th Grade


Mrs. Tusa
How Did Atomic Theory
Develop
The atomic theory grew as a series of models
that developed from experimental evidence. As
more evidence was collected, the theory and
models were revised.

Democritus proposed that matter was a formed of


a small pieces that could not be cut into smaller
parts.

Atom: the smallest particle that still can be


considered an element.
1. Dalton’s Atomic
Theory
*All elements consist of atoms
that cannot be divided.
* All atoms of the same element
are exactly alike and have the
same mass. Atoms of different
elements are different and
different masses.
*An atom of one element cannot
be changed into an atom of a
different element by a chemical
reaction.
*Compounds are formed when
atoms of more than one element
combine in a specific ratio.
Thomson’s Model
Discovered that atoms contain negatively
charged particles called electrons. Yet they
already knew atoms had no electrical charge.
Therefore reasoned that there had to be
positive charges as well.
Proposed a model like that of a watermelon.
Rutherford’s Model
He tested to see if Thompson model was
correct.
His team predicted that if it was, the charged
particles would pass straight through the foil.
They also predicted that the paths of some
particles would bend or
deflect,slightly….because positive charge was
thought to be spread out in the gold atoms.
Bohr’s
One of Rutherford’s
students was Niels Bohr.
Model
He revised the atomic
model again. He
suggested that electrons
are found only in specific
orbits around the nucleus.
His model looked like
planets orbiting the sun or
the rings of a tree. Each
possible electron orbit in
Bohr’s model has a fixed
energy.
Cloud Model
Scientists determined that electrons do
not orbit the nucleus, like planets, but
move rapidly within a cloud like region
around the nucleus. An electron’s
movement is related to its energy level,
or specific amount of energy it has
Modern Model of
the Atom
At the center of the atom is a
tiny, dense nucleus containing
protons and neutrons.
Surrounding the nucleus is a
cloudlike region of moving
electrons.

Protons +

Electrons -
Particle Masses
It takes almost 1,840
electrons to equal the
mass of one proton. A
proton and neutron on
about equal in mass.
The atomic number represents
the number of protons in the
nucleus.
Isotopes
All atoms of an element have the
same number of protons. The
number of neutrons can vary.
Atoms with the same number of
protons and different number of
neutrons are called isotopes.

An isotope is identified by its


mass number, which is the SUM
of the protons and neutrons in
the atom.

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