Building Materials

and Assemblies
Introduction Contents
Basic Principles used in Construcion

Exterior and Interioir design

Appropriate Selection of construction materials

Finishes, Products, and

Components

Environmental impact
and reuse of materials
Building Materials and Construction
1. Materials

- Only materials approved by the commision may be used

in defining constructions. additional materials may be
added to compliance manager

Introduction
Basic Principles used in Construcion
Building Materials and Construction
 Materials Name
The material name is used to select the material for
construction

 Thickness
Some materials, such as three-coat stucco, are defined
with a specific thickness. The thickness of the other materials,
such as softwood used for framing, is selected by the
compliance user based on the construction of the
building.

 Conductivity
The conductivity of the material is the steady state
heat flow per square foot, per foot of thickness, or per
degree Fahrenheit temperature difference. It is used in
simulating the heat flow in the construction
Building Materials and Construction

 Coefficient for temperature adjustment of conductivity

The conductivity of insulation materials vary with thier
temperature according to the coefficient listed. Other materials
have a coefficient of zero and their condutivity deis not
vary the temperature.
 Specific Heat
The specific heat is the amount of heat, it takes to raise
the temperature of one pound of the material one degree
fahrenheit.
 Density
The density of the material is its weight in pounds per
cubic foot.
 R-value per inch
it is the resistance to heat flow for a 1-inch thick layer.
Building Materials and Construction
2. Construction Assemblies

- Construction are defined by the compliance user for use

in defining the building. For framed constructions there is
a framing layer that has paths for the framing and the
cavity between the framing members. The layers that are
allowed depend on the surface type. The compliance
manager calculates a winter design U-factor that is
compared to a construction that meets the perspective
standard. The U-factor is displayed as an aid to the user.
Building Materials and Construction
Construction Layers:
All assemblies have a cavity path and a frame path. As
assemblies are completed, the screen dispalys whether the
construction meets a prescriptive requirement for that
component.

• Standard design
The compliance software assebles a construction that
meets the perscriptive standards for each user-defined
construction or assembly.
• Verification and Reporting
All proposed constructions, including insulations, frame
type, frame size, and exterior finishing condition are
listed on the on the CF1R. Non-standard framing (e.g. 24” on
center wall framing, advanced wall framing) is
reported as a special feature.
Introduction Contents
Basic Principles used in Construcion

Exterior and Interior design

Appropriate Selection of construction materials

Finishes, Products, and

Components

Environmental impact
and reuse of materials
Exterior and Interior design
Selecting the Right Exterior Material
 Architectural Style
The architectural style of your home will narrow down your
options for exterior materials based on what is authentic
and apprpriate to that particular style.
 Energy Efficiency
If you are interested in saving on your energy bill, choose
materials with appropriate insulation properties
 Weather and Environment
The exterior materials of a home are its defense againts
extreme weather events such as snow, driving rain or high
winds/
 Impact on insurance
Insurance companies may have restrictions on the type of
material used on the roof and exterio to mitigate
expensive replacement and repair after damage or limit
spread of fire.
Exterior and Interior design
TYPES OF EXTERIOR DESIGN

CONCRETE FIBER

STUCCO WOOD SIDING

Exterior and Interior design
TYPES OF EXTERIOR DESIGN

STONE AND CAST STONE

METAL SLIDING
Exterior and Interior design
Selecting the Right Interior Material

Modern day buildings have truly

understood the importance of going green
and products are the answer to
incorporating reclaimed by products to
create environment-friendly which have a
unique appeal as well.
Exterior and Interior design
TYPES OF INTERIOR DESIGN

TRADITIONAL

MODERN CONTEMPORARY
Exterior and Interior design
TYPES OF INTERIOR DESIGN

CORK FLOORING

MINIMALIST FABRIC WALL PANELS

Introduction Contents
Basic Principles used in Construcion

Exterior and Interior design

Appropriate Selection of construction materials

Finishes, Products, and

Components

Environmental impact
and reuse of materials
Finishes, Products, and Components
FINISHES
 Finishes are used in the final part of the construction or
manufactoring process
 Can protect the element they finish from impact,
water, corrsion, frost, abrassion and so on.
 They play an important role in regulating indoor
temperature and humidity.
 They can be decorative
 Care is taken to prvent damage
 Depending on the type of building project, the
methods of fineshes varies to consider the applicable
interior and exterior design.
 Finishing operations are carried out in the right
sequence.
Finishes, Products, and Components
FINISHES
2 types of Finish for building
1. Applied Finish - a finish which is applied on site
2. self Finish/Inherent Finish - a finish which is inherent in
the material and does not have to be specially applied
on site

4 main building components finishes

1. Floor Finishes
2. Wall Finishes
3. Ceiling Finishes
4. Roof Finishes
Finishes, Products, and Components
FINISHING MATERIALS
• Used to improve the service and decorative qualities
of buildings and structures
• Protects Structural members form atmospheric and
other effects
• Usually designed for interior and/or exterior finishing

The most important finishing materials are:

1. Glass 6. wood
2. Natrual stone 7. Plastic
3. paint and varnish 8. Metals
4. wallpapers
5. Decorative concrete and mortars
Finishes, Products, and Components
PRODUCTS
Building Products
• Pre-fabricated structures used in construction.
• Are processed, finished items that are offered for sale
• They are manufactured combinations of materials and
perhaps other products, processed to create items
such as doors, windows, light fittings, cabinets and
etc..
• Are also assembled in warehouse so the project team
only needs to fit them in the buillding.
• Are generally distinguished from ‘materials’ which ae
raw, unprocessed substances such as sand, salt, and
etc.., and from ‘service’ which are activities such as
consulation, maintenance, installation, or sometimes
the provision of accomodation.
Finishes, Products, and Components
COMPONENTS

Two Major of
Components

I. Superstructure
II. Substructure
Finishes, Products, and Components
COMPONENTS
SUPERSTRUCTURE
- Is the part of a building which is above ground
and which serves the building intended use. This area
includes the first and second floors inside a home and
any number of floors in larger buildings.

Superstructure include the following:

 Plinth  Floors
 Walls  Roofs
 Columns  Steps and stairs
 Beams
 Sills, lintels and Chajjas
 Doors and Windows
Finishes, Products, and Components
COMPONENTS
SUBSTRUCTURE
- The substructure is the part
of the building that is underneath the
ground, while the superstructure is
everything that is above ground. The
purpose of the substructure of a
building is to transfer the loads of the
superstructure to the soil that is
underneath. This is why the
substructure is right against the soil
that supports it.
Finishes, Products, and Components
COMPONENTS
FOUNDATION
- It is defined as the part of the structure that
transfers the load from the structure constructed on it as
well as its weight over a large are of soil in such a way
that the amount does not exceed the ultimate bearing
capacity of the soil and the settlement of the whole
structure remains within a tolerable limit.

Two types of Foundation

1. Shallow Foundation
2. Deep Foundation
Finishes, Products, and Components
COMPONENTS
1. Shallow Foundation
- - Often called footings, are situated beneath the
lowest part of the structure. in general, the depth of a
shallow foundation is less that its width.
Finishes, Products, and Components
COMPONENTS
2. Deep Foundation
- It is a type of foundation which is placed at a
greater depth below the ground surface and transfers
structure loads to the earth at depth. The depth to width
ratio od such a foundation is usually greather that 4 to 5.
Introduction Contents
Basic Principles used in Construcion

Exterior and Interior design

Appropriate Selection of construction materials

Finishes, Products, and

Components

Environmental impact
and reuse of materials
Environmental impact and reuse of materials
Obtaining and Processing of Materials

Obtaining And Processing Materials can affect

the environment in three main ways:

1. Extrraction
2. Processing
3. Transportation
Environmental impact and reuse of materials
Obtaining and Processing of Materials

1. Extraction
- This requires heavy
plant which consumes energy
and produces noise, dust and
exhaust fumes, which leads to
climate change.

- This process aslo

causes a permanent change to
the landscape and
stone/aggregate quarrying.
Environmental impact and reuse of materials
Obtaining and Processing of Materials

2. Processing
- Processing material like iron ore
requires energy consuming plant, noise and
dust and the creation of waste product like
slag.
Environmental impact and reuse of materials
Obtaining and Processing of Materials

3. Transportation
- Once Processed, the materials will
need to be transported to the location which
they are to be used, using petrol and creating
exhaust fumes, which in turn causes climate
change
Environmental impact and reuse of materials
Reuse and recycle of Construction materials

Adoption of Proper Methods of Recycling

• It reduces the demand on new resources
• Cuts down the cost and effort of transportation and
production
• Use waste which would otherwise be lost to landfill
sites.

When considering a recyclable material, three major areas

need to be taken in to account are:

1. Economy
2. Compatibility with other materials
3. Material Properties
Environmental impact and reuse of materials
Benefits of reusing and recycling construction materials

Reduces the production of greenhouse gas emissions and

other pollutants by reducing the need to extract raw
materials from long distances.

Conserve landfill spaces, reduce the need landfills and

thier associated cost.

Saves energy and reduce the environment impact of

producing new materials.

Save money and cost of materials

Thank you!