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    Stoichiometry Chemical Reactions

    Uploaded by

    RIN CEDRICK ABAO

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Stoichiometry Chemical Reactions

    Uploaded by

    RIN CEDRICK ABAO
    5 views27 pages

    Original Title

    6. Stoichiometry Chemical Reactions

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    5 views27 pages

    Stoichiometry Chemical Reactions

    Uploaded by

    RIN CEDRICK ABAO

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    STOICHIOMETRY

    MASS
    RELATIONSHIPS IN
    CHEMICAL
    REACTIONS
    ATOMIC MASS
    Atomic weight - is the mass of the atom in atomic mass units
    (amu)
    1 amu = 1/12 mass of C-12 atom
    Average Atomic Mass
    when we measure the atomic mass of an element, we must
    generally settle for the average mass of the naturally occurring
    mixture of isotopes

    Ex: Natural abundances of carbon-12 and carbon-13 are 98.90


    percent and 1.10 percent, respectively. The atomic mass of
    carbon-13 has been determined to be 13.00335 amu and
    carbon-12 as 12 amu. Thus, the average atomic mass of carbon
    can be calculated as follows:
    Carbon isotopes
    average atomic mass of natural carbon
    = (0.9890)(12 amu) + (0.0110)(13.00335 amu) = 12.01
    amu
    Practice:
    Boron is used in the manufacture of ceramics
    and polymers such as fiberglass. The atomic
    masses of its two stable isotopes, B-10(19.80
    percent) and B-11(80.20 percent), are 10.0129
    amu and 11.0093 amu, respectively. The boron-
    10 isotope is also important as a neutron-
    capturing agent in nuclear reactors. Calculate
    the average atomic mass of boron.
    Answer:
    Atomic weight B = (0.1980)
    (10.0129 amu) + (0.8020)
    (11.0093 amu) = 10.8129 amu
    MOLE,
    AVOGADRO’S
    NUMBER AND
    THE MOLAR
    MASS OF AN
    ELEMENT
    MOLAR MASS
    MOLAR MASS
    We have seen that 1 mole of carbon-12 atoms has a
    mass of exactly 12 g and contains 6.022 X 1023 atoms.
    MOLAR MASS ( M ) - the mass (in grams) of 1 mole of
    units (such as atoms or molecules) of a substance
    (amu or g/mol)
     The mass in grams of one mole of a substance
    (that is, the mass in grams per mole) of the substance
    MOLAR MASS
    Example:
    1. NaCl
    2. Al2(SO4)3
    Formula and Molecular Weights
    The formula weight of a substance is the sum of the
    atomic weights of the atoms in the chemical formula
    of the substance.
     Expressed in atomic mass unit (amu)

    FW of Al2(SO4)3 = n (AW of Al) + n (AW of S) + n (AW


    of O)
    = 2(27) + 3(32) + 12(16)
    = 342 amu
    PERCENT COMPOSITION OF
    COMPOUNDS
    The percent composition by mass is the percent by
    mass of each element in a compound.
    n x molar mass of element X 100
    % composition by massmolar
    = mass of compound
    e.g.
    1. Al2(SO4)3
    % Al = x 100 = 15.79 %
    % S = x 100 = 28.07 %
    % O = x 100 = 56.14 %
    Seatwork:
    Calculate the formula weight or molar mass of the
    following compounds. Include the percent
    composition by mass.

    1. Rubidium Phosphate
    2. Silver stannite
    MOLAR MASS in grams per mole of
    any substance is numerically equal to
    its formula weight in atomic mass
    units
    AVOGADRO’S
    NUMBER AND THE
    MOLE
    Mole
     measure of a quantity of particles of a substance
     One mole (abbreviated mol) of anything ---
    molecules, atoms, ions --- always contain the same
    number of molecules, 6.023 x 1023 (Avogadro’s number)
     also equal to the formula mass of substance expressed in grams

    1 mole of H2O = 6.02 x 1023 molecules of H2O = 18 g of H2O


    1 mol = 6.023 x 1023 particles (atoms, molecules,
    ions or formula units)
    1 mol 12C atoms = 6.023 x 1023 12C atoms
    1 mol NO3- ions = 6.023 x 1023 NO3- ions
    1 mol H2O = 6.023 x 1023 H2O molecules
    1 mol NaCl = 6.023 x 1023 NaCl formula units
    INTERCONVERTING
    MASSES, MOLES, &
    NUMBERS OF
    PARTICLES
    Mole to Gram Conversion
    •Determine the number of grams in 4 moles of water.

    Formula weight H2O : (2x 1.00) + (1 x 16.00) = 18.00 g

    4 moles H2O x = 72 g H2O


    Gram to Mole Conversion
    • Determine the number of moles in 88 grams of CO2
    Formula weight CO2 : (1 x 12.01) + (2 x 16.00) = 44.01 g CO2

    88 g CO2 x = 2 moles CO2


    Mole to Molecule Conversion
    • Determine the number of molecules of H O in 3 moles H2O
    2

    1 mole H2O = 6.022 x 1023 molecules H2O


    3 moles H2O x = 18.069 x 1023 molecules H2O or
    1.8069 x 1024 molecules H2O
    Mole to Atoms Conversion
    • How many O atoms are present in 17 moles of water?

    1 mole H2O = 6.023 x 1023 molecules H2O


    17 moles H2O x = 102.4 x 1023 molecules H2O
    = 1.02 x 1025 molecules H2O

    1 molecule H2O = 2 atoms H + 1 atom O = 3 atoms total


    1.02 x 1025 molecules H2O x = = 3.06 x 1025 atoms total
    Answer in 1 whole sheet of paper
    1. Calculate the number of H atoms in 0.350 mol of C6H12O6.
    2. Calculate the number of moles of glucose (C6H12O6) in 5.380 g
    of C6H12O6
    3. How many oxygen atoms are in 0.25 mol Ca(NO3)2.
    Answer

    1.a. Calculate the Molar


    mass of Iron (III) Sulfate.
    b. Calculate the percent
    composition by mass of
    each element.
    Answer

    1.Calculate the Molar mass


    of ammonium sulfide
    2.Calculate the percent
    composition by mass of
    each element.

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