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Module 6 Normal Distribution

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11 views

Module 6 Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

arnjy13
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GEMMWO1X

MATHEMATICS IN THE MODERN WORLD

MATHEMATICS AS A TOOL:
Data Management

CM YLARDE
Professor
Learning Outline
4.6 4.5 4.4. 4.3. 4.2. 4.1.
Correlation Normal Quartile, Measure Measure Statistics,
Distribution Decile, and of of Central Origin,
Percentile Variation Tendency and Terms
Central tendency
IV. Mathematics as a Tool: Data Management and Measures of
IV. Mathematics as a Tool: Data
Management and Measures of Central
tendency
At the end of the chapter the students are expected:

Use variety of statistical tools to


process and manage numerical data.
4.1. 4.2.
Statistics, Measure
Origin, of
and Central
Terms Tendency

Learning Outcomes
Normal Distribution
Learning Outcomes:
1. Convert raw scores to z – scores.
2. Convert a normal distribution to a standard normal distribution.
3. Analyze and interpret the standard normal distribution.
Normal Distribution • Data can be "distributed" (spread out) in
(Gaussian different ways.
Distribution)

Negative Skew Positive Skew Data are all jumbled up


Normal Distribution
• But there are many cases where the data
tends to be around a central value with no
bias left or right, and it gets close to a
"Normal Distribution" like this: Many things closely follow a
Normal Distribution:
- heights of people
- size of things produced by
machines
- errors in measurements
- blood pressure
- marks on a test
Normal Distribution
 Normal Distribution
- It is a continuous, symmetric,
bell-shaped distribution of a
variable.
- Its graph is called a NORMAL
CURVE
Properties of a Normal Curve

1. The curve is bell-shaped.


2. The three measures of central
tendencies are equal and are located
at the center of the distribution.
3. The curve is unimodal.
4. The curve is symmetric about the
mean.
5. The curve is continuous.
6. The curve is asymptotic.
7. The curve has a total area of 100%
or 1 under it.
Properties of a Normal
Curve

8. The area that lies within 1


standard deviation above and below
the mean is approximately 68%; 2
standard deviations above and
below the mean is approximately
95%, and 3 standard deviations
above and below the mean is
approximately 99.7%.
Standard Normal Distribution

• A z-score value is needed


to convert a normal
distribution into a
standard normal
distribution.
z – score
 z – score
- It is used to know the position of one observation relative to others in a
set of data.
- It measures the distance between an observation and the mean,
measured in units of standard deviation.
- Z score is also known as a standard score and is used to represent the
number of standard deviations by which a raw score is above or below
the mean.

• Formula:
z – score
• Example: The scores of students in a Statistics test are found to be normally
distributed with a mean of 35 and a standard deviation of 5. Give the z-scores
of the following scores:
30 45 40
• Solution:

b
𝒙−𝒙
𝒛=
𝒔
59 38.5 6 ?
125 ? 15 2.5
? 23 2.5 1.8
46 40 ? 1.2
23 21 2 ?
𝒙−𝒙
𝒛=
𝒔
63 ? 2.7 2.96
•Example 2: A student appeared
for two tests. He secured 80 in
the first and 75 in the second.
The mean and deviation for the
first were 70 and 15
respectively, while for the
second it was 64 and 12
respectively. What conclusion
can you make on comparing the
•Example 3: The mean
temperature of 60 airports was
recorded to be 65 degrees with
a standard deviation of 5
degrees. If an airport records a
temperature of 68 degrees what
percentage of temperatures lie
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve

1.Find the area between z = 0 and z = 1.80


The area from z = 0 to z = 1.80 is 0.4641.

2. Determine the area z = 0 and z = -1.20


The area from z = 0 to z = -1.20 is 0.3849.
Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve

1.Find the area above z = 1.06


Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve

2. Determine the area between z = -3 and z = 1.8


Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve

3. Determine the area between z = -3.2 and z = -2.7


Finding the Area Under the Normal Curve
3. Find the area between z = -1.50 and z = 2.50
The area from z = 0 to z = -1.50 is 0.4332.
The area from z = 0 to z = 2.50 is 0.4938.
The area between z = -1.50 and z = 2.50 is the sum of 0.4332 and 0.4938 and
that is, 0.9270.

4. Find the area between z = 1.50 and z = 2.50


The area from z = 0 to z = 1.50 is 0.4332
The area from z = 0 to z = 2.50 is 0.4938
The area between z = 1.50 and z = 2.50 is the difference between 0.4938 and
0.4332 and that is, 0.0606.
Application of Normal Distribution
• Example 1: The average Pag-Ibig salary loan for RFS Pharmacy Inc.
employees is P23, 000. If the debt is normally distributed with a standard
deviation of P2, 500, find the probability that the employees owes less than
P18, 500.
• Solution:
1. Find the z-value of P18, 500
Continuation…
3. Using the z-table, the area of z = -1.80 is 0.4641.

4. The probability that the employees owes less than P18,500 (z = -1.8) is obtain by
subtracting 0.4641 from 0.50, and that is, 0.0359 or 3.59%.


Application of Normal Distribution
Example 2: The average age of bank managers is 40 years. Assume that their
ages are normally distributed. If the standard deviation is 5 years, find the
probability that the age of a randomly selected bank manager will be in the
range between 35 and 46 years old.
Solution:
1. Find the z-value of 35 and 46

Using the z-table,


The area from z = 0 to z = -1 is 0.3413 
The area from z = 0 to z = 1.20 is 0.3849 
Continuation…
Hence,
The probability that age of a randomly selected bank manager will be in
the range between 35 and 46 years old is obtained by adding the areas of
z = -1 and z = 1.20 and that is, 0.7262.


Application of Normal Distribution
Example 3: Fifty job applicants took an IQ test and their scores are normally
distributed with a mean of 100. How many applicants obtained a score
between 74 and 126 if the standard deviation of their scores is 20?
• Solution:
1. Find the z-score values of 74 and 126.
Continuation…
2. Find the areas:

The area from z = 0 to .


The area from z = -1.3 to z = 1.3 is 0.4032 (2) = 0.8064

Hence, the number of applicants who obtained a score between 74 and 126 is
0.8064 (50) = 40.32 40 applicants.
References:
• Sirug, W.S. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world: a CHED general education curriculum compliant.
Mindshapers Co., Inc.
• Nocon, R. C., & Nocon, E.G. (2018). Essential mathematics for the modern world. C&E Publishing, Inc.
De Guzman, D. (2017).Statistics and probability.C & E Publishing, Inc.
https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk01IHLqB228EL1Dn4vVtW-hbwZSiig
%3A1592667766425&source=hp&ei=di7uXqnrF5nN-
QaEqoBw&q=cumulative+frequency+interpretation&oq=cumulative+frequency+interpretat&gs_lcp=CgZwc3
ktYWIQARgAMgUIABDLATIGCAAQFhAeMgYIABAWEB4yBggAEBYQHjoHCCMQ6gIQJzoECCMQJzoFCAAQsQM6
BQgAEIMBOgIIADoICAAQFhAKEB46BAghEBU6BQghEKABOggIABAIEA0QHlCVJljzkAFgn7MBaARwAHgAgAH
AAogBgy2SAQgwLjMyLjIuMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXqwAQo&sclient=psy-ab
• https://www.mathsisfun.com/data/standard-normal-distribution.html
• https://www.google.com/search?
q=normal+curve&sxsrf=ALeKk008qNCOe0FKOwhT_9pITdzFMbjl0g:1603797774151&source=lnms&tb
m=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP6Pmk1NTsAhUn7GEKHTe3ASAQ_AUoAXoECAsQAw&biw=1366&bih=6
25
Thank you for listening

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