Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
15 views

2 The Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

Sheena May Y. Mañangaon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
15 views

2 The Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

Sheena May Y. Mañangaon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 27

S TAT I S T I C S A N D P R O B A B I L I T Y

NORMAL DISTRIBUTIONS
The Normal Curve and Probability

SHEENA MAY Y. MAÑANGAON


Teacher
Session Objectives

In this lesson, students are expected to do the following:

1. Illustrate and describe the characteristics of a normal random


variable.
2. Sketch a normal random variable with patience and determination .
3. Explains the implications of the normal random variable in real-life
situations.
(RECALL PREVIOUS LESSON): 2 Truths, 1
lie
Identify which among the three choices is the truth. Answer at the same
time using the American Sign Language shown below:
(RECALL PREVIOUS LESSON): 2 Truths, 1
lie

1. (a) A continuous random variable is a type of


random variable that takes a finite number of
distinct values.
(b) A discrete random variable is a type of
random variable that represents measured
data.
(c) A discrete random variable is countable.
(RECALL PREVIOUS LESSON): 2 Truths, 1
lie

2. (a) The sample space of flipping a coin twice is


S = {HH, HT, TH, HH}.
(b) The sample space of flipping a coin twice is
S = {H, T}.
(c) The sample space of flipping a coin twice is
S = {HH, TT}.
(RECALL PREVIOUS LESSON): 2 Truths, 1
lie

Refer to the probability distribution on the left:


1
3. (a) The standard deviation is 0.
3
5 (b) The mean or expected value is 0.
-3 (c) The variance is 0.
Normal Distributions and
their Curve
Defining what is normal to know what is not
1. How would the balls flow from top to bottom?
2. How do you think the balls would arrange
themselves?
a. UNIFORM

b. RANDOM

https://www.transum.org/Maths/Activity/PhET/Plin
ko_Probability.asp
c. BELL - SHAPE
This curve is called a normal distribution.
Normal Distribution occurs very commonly in most of the things we see
in nature around us. For example: in finance, like the salary distribution
in an office, healthcare, height/weight distributions, reading ability, job
satisfaction, grading distribution, Percentile calculations, and much more.
Definition:

A normal distribution is a continuous probability


distribution defined by the probability density function:
Normal distributions are also called the Bell or Gaussian Distribution.

Normal distributions are not represented by just one normal curve but a family of normal curves.

The shape of these normal curves are determined by two important quantities: the mean and the
standard deviation.
• The distribution curve is bell-shaped.
• Defined by the mean and standard
deviation.
• Symmetric around the mean. The three
measures of central tendency are equal.
• The area under the curve is 1.0.
• Asymptotic to the x-axis. Denser in the
Properties of the center, less in the tails.
Normal Curve
Empirical rule
68% of the area of
the normal curve is within
one standard deviation of
68%
the mean, 95% within 2
sd’s, 99.7% within 3 sd’s
95%
(Empirical rule)

99.7%

-3sd -2sd 𝜇 1sd 2sd 3sd

Normal Distribution
Consider this example:
Suppose the mean is 60 and the standard deviation is 5, sketch a normal curve
for the distribution.

This is how it would look like

𝟒𝟓 𝟓𝟎 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟎 𝟔𝟓 𝟕𝟎 𝟕𝟓
Complete the given diagram below by filling up the necessary
details about normal distribution.

Use the situation given by the teacher.


Before leaving your home, you found out your
allowance is normally distributed. After thinking back
and computing your different daily allowance, you
determined that your average daily allowance is 95 pesos
with a standard deviation of 17 pesos. Draw the normal
distribution.
QUIZ: Mystery Box Game
Basic Concepts of a Normal Distribution
PT #1:

Make sketch of a standard normal. Using a


mosaic art, shade the area that corresponds to the
area under the normal curve (decided by the group).
You may use eggshells, old magazines, dried leaves
or any materials available at home.
Standard Score and Area
Under the Normal Curve
How far do you mean? What are my chances?
The standard score, or z score, is the number of standard deviations that a
given value x is above or below the mean. It is found by using the formula:

The z score is used to identify the probability that a score falls below a
value, above a value, or within an interval of values in a normal distribution.
This is done with the aid of the z table.
The mean score of 250 job applicants of a private company in an English Proficiency
Test is 67 with a standard deviation of 6. If this data is normally distributed, what
interval would represent scores within one standard deviation away from the mean? 2
standard deviations? 3?

𝟏 𝒔𝒅=𝟔
−𝟑 𝒔𝒅 −𝟐 𝒔𝒅 −𝟏 𝒔𝒅 𝒙=𝟔𝟕 +𝟏 𝒔𝒅 +𝟐 𝒔𝒅 +𝟑 𝒔𝒅
𝟒𝟔 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟏 𝟕𝟑 𝟕𝟗 𝟖𝟓
Values of the
𝟒𝟗 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟏 𝟔𝟕 𝟕𝟑 𝟕𝟗 𝟖𝟓
Normal Distribution observation

Standard scores
−𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
z-scores
Standard Normal Distribution
The standard normal Why Standardized?
• It can help us make decisions
distribution simply about our data.
converts the group of • It also makes life easier because
we only need one table (the
data in our frequency Standard Normal Distribution
distribution such that Table), rather than doing
the mean is 0 and the calculations individually for each
value of mean and standard
standard deviation is deviation.
1.

−𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 𝟎 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
Convert a normal random variable to a standard normal variable and vice-
versa:

1. Reading Scores: given the mean= 50 and the standard deviation=4 of a


population f reading scores. Find the z value that corresponds to a score
X=58.

2. The height of teachers in Indahag NHS are normally distributed with a


mean of 148cm and standard deviation of 10cm. The height of Mrs. Ruiz
has a z-score of 1.20. What is the actual height of Mrs. Ruiz?
The mean score of 250 job applicants of a private company in an English Proficiency Test is 67 with a
standard deviation of 6.

Jason was one of the applicants. He was told that he got a score of 79 in the test. Find the z-value that
corresponds to his score. What percent of the applicants did Jason outrank in the test with his score?

Kaye also took the−


test𝟑
and obtained
− 𝟐a score−𝟏 𝟎
of 75. Find the𝟏z-value that
𝟐 corresponds
𝟑 to her score. What
percent of the applicants did she outrank in the test?
−𝟑 −𝟐 −𝟏 0 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
What is the probability that an applicant got a score of 70 or less? greater than 60?
at least 80?

What is the probability that an applicant got a score between 58 and 69?
Adult IQ scores have a bell-shaped distribution with a mean of
100 and a standard deviation of 15. Determine the percentage of
adults that meet the following conditions. Draw a sketch and
shade the proper region for each problem.

1. IQ greater than 125


2. IQ equal to 125
3. IQ less than 93
4. IQ between 111 and 134
5. IQ either less than 80 or greater than 140.
6. Find the IQ that corresponds to .

You might also like