Soriaymata 180409185637

Ar.
Ayaz Ahmad
PIONEERS OF TOWN Khan
PLANNING Assistant Professor
ARTURO SORIA Y MATA (LINEAR CITY) Invertis University
INTRODUCTION
• Arturo Soria y Mata (1844-1920) was an
internationally important Spanish urban
planner whose work remains highly
inspirational today.
• He is most well known for his concept of

the Linear City for application to Madrid and
elsewhere.
• He studied the civil engineer career, but he

didn't finish it.
FIRSTLY, WHAT IS AN
URBAN FORM?
Urban Form refers to the- Urban form or city form
defined as‘
• physical layout and design of
The spatial pattern of
the city
human activities at a certain
• spatial imprint of an urban point in time’.
transport system
• adjacent physical
infrastructures.
Jointly, they confer a level of

spatial arrangement to cities.
FACTORS INFLUENCING
URBAN FORM
• Geography
• Period of development
• Impact of natural environment
• Trade practiced
• Social, political & economical forces.

NOW, WHAT IS LINEAR
CITY?
The linear city was an urban plan for an elongated urban formation. The
city would consist of a series of functionally specialized parallel sectors.
Generally, the city would run parallel to a river and be built so that the
dominant wind would blow from the residential areas to the industrial
strip. The sectors of a linear city would be:
• a purely segregated zone for railway lines,
• a zone of production and communal enterprises, with related scientific,

technical and educational institutions,
• a green belt or buffer zone with major highway,
• a residential zone, including a band of social institutions,

LINEAR CITY OF SORIA
NOW, THE IDEA OF
LINEAR CITY
• Arturo Soria y Mata's idea of the Linear City
(1882) replaced the traditional idea of the city
as a centre and a periphery with the idea of
constructing linear sections of infrastructure -
roads, railways, gas, water, etc.- along an
optimal line and then attaching the other
components of the city along the length of this
line.
• As compared to the concentric diagrams of

Ebenezer Howard and other in the same period,
Soria's linear city creates the infrastructure for
a controlled process of expansion that joins one
growing city to the next in a rational way,
ABOUT THE CONCEPT
• The Linear City concept is a Conscious Form Of Urban Development with
Housing And Industry Growing Along The Highway Between existing cities
and contained by the continuous open space of the rural countryside.
• As the city expanded, additional sectors would be added to the end of

each band, so that the city would become ever longer, without growing
wider.
• The linear city design was first developed by Arturo Soria y

Mata in Madrid, Spain during the 19th century.
ABOUT MADRID CITY
The linear city was a
proposal made by
Arturio
Soria at the end of the
19th century, to turn
Madrid into a more
human city , a city which
was closer to nature.

ABOUT MADRID CITY
Arturo Soria´s
aim was to
solve some of
the problems
that Madrid
had at that
time:
transport,
overpopulatio
n and sanitary
conditions.
PROBLEM PREVAILING
There were two different theories to solve the problems
caused by the
industrial revolution:
PROBLEM PREVAILING
• Naturistic theories: Arturo Soria wanted to integrate nature
into the city. Thus, he decided to plant several rows of trees along
the street. The houses would also have a garden and an orchard.
PROBLEM PREVAILING
 Hygienist theories: Their objective was to improve the sanitary
conditions of the city. The proposals to achieve this were:
- to plant trees near the houses
- to build wider streets
- to build detached or semidetached houses so that the different

families didn´t live so close to each other.
OBJECTIVES
The most important objective was to combine nature and city.
THE PROPOSAL
The final project was a linear city surrounded by nature, and with a
central area for services.
NEW HOUSES
The new houses were bigger and had a garden. There was also a
vegetable garden or a space for working the land.
New houses Old houses

OBJECTIVES OF LINEAR
CITY
•To create less populated
suburbs
• To preserve individualism
• To make nature part of

the city
•To solve the problems of

transport: Its main
objective was to make the
trips between the country
and the city quicker.
OBJECTIVES OF LINEAR
CITY
Parcelling out around a linear centre line of the main street.
Streets had to be 200 metre long and 20 metre wide, and the centre
line of the street had to connect with the different blocks of houses ,
all of regular shapes :squares, rectangles or trapeziums
The city should grow parallel to the main street.

SERVICES IN A NEW
CITY
• The new city had a tram .
SERVICES IN A NEW
CITY
It also had space for vegetable gardens and for groceries
SERVICES IN A NEW
CITY
And for leisure and for cultural and sport activities.
Sport facilities
Casino
A theatre
A school
THE PROJECT FAILS AFTER
DEATH OF SORIA
• After the death of Arturo Soria, city went through a period of
economical crisis. Due to this, the original idea was changed.
• As time passed, the price of the ground increased and building

became very expensive.
CITY TODAY
The demographic boom of
Madrid, the rise of prices
and the proximity of the
linear city to the city centre
put an end to the project.
Today the only remains of

the linear city are the central
line of the main street and
some middle-class houses.
ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES
Advantages Disadvantages
• Very sensitive to blockage
• High accessibility
requires control of growth
• adaptability to linear growth • lacks focus,
• The choice of connection or
• useful along the limited
of direction of movement are
edge.
much less.
NAVI MUMBAI – INDIAN
LINEAR CITY
Navi Mumbai is a
planned township of Mumbai off

the west coast of the Indian state
of Maharashtra in Konkan division.
The city is divided into two parts,
North Navi Mumbai and South Navi

Mumbai, for the individual
development of Panvel Mega City,
Navi Mumbai has a population of
1,119,477[1] as per the 2011

NAVI MUMBAI – INDIAN
LINEAR CITY
The growth of Mumbai city is constrained by sea at south, east and
west. As a result total land area available for development of Mumbai
is limited.
The cost of real estate and housing in Navi Mumbai is much less than
costs in Mumbai and sub-urban areas.
Many government and corporate offices have been shifted from

Mumbai to Navi Mumbai .
The Taloja and Thane Belapur Industrial Belt of Navi Mumbai offer job
opportunities of every conceivable kind - from engineers to mechanics
to clerks to peons.
NAVI MUMBAI
CONCLUSIONS –
APPRECIATIONS &
HONORING
Main street of Madrid holds his
name.
A statue of Soria is placed

there.
Many more cities are being on

verge of planning on this
concept with better
understandings of various
loopholes in it & carrying
THANKYOU…

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Ar.

• He is most well known for his concept of

• He studied the civil engineer career, but he

Jointly, they confer a level of

• Impact of natural environment

• Social, political & economical forces.

• a purely segregated zone for railway lines,

• a zone of production and communal enterprises, with related scientific,

• a green belt or buffer zone with major highway,

• a residential zone, including a band of social institutions,

• As compared to the concentric diagrams of

• As the city expanded, additional sectors would be added to the end of

• The linear city design was first developed by Arturo Soria y

Soria at the end of the

19th century, to turn

Madrid into a more

human city , a city which

was closer to nature.

- to plant trees near the houses

- to build wider streets

- to build detached or semidetached houses so that the different

New houses Old houses

• To make nature part of

•To solve the problems of

The city should grow parallel to the main street.

• As time passed, the price of the ground increased and building

Today the only remains of

planned township of Mumbai off

The city is divided into two parts,

North Navi Mumbai and South Navi

Navi Mumbai has a population of

1,119,477[1] as per the 2011

Many government and corporate offices have been shifted from

A statue of Soria is placed

Many more cities are being on

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