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Contemporary Philippine Arts
From the Region
Lesson 1 Art in the Philippines Historical Background • Philippine Art comes in three major traditions: a) Ethnic Tradition b) Spanish Colonial Tradition c) American Colonial and Contemporary Tradition A. Ethnic Art – forms are primarily influenced by the geographical location and the experiences of the Filipinos. • Visual Arts – pottery, weaving, wood carving, and metal crafting were dominant during the pre-colonial period making use of the available materials surrounding them. • Architecture – the early Filipinos used local materials such as anahaw, bamboo, cogon, cane, rattan, and other light materials. • Folk Literature –they verbalized their experiences. • Theater Arts – tribal presentation and rituals were the early theatrical performances depicting their beliefs. • Music – our ancestors also have their indigenous musical instruments like bamboo flutes and brass gong. B. Spanish Colonial Traditions – who tend to replace the Philippine indigenous arts with Western art form, religion and secularization were the dominant themes of the art forms. • Friars – were the ones supervising the practice of arts in the country with their agenda of propagating Christianity and maintaining the power of the colonizers. • Literature – the literary works could be classified into religious and secular prose and poetry. • Theater Arts – secular and religious plays like “komedya” became popular. • Choreography – religious dances commonly performed to venerate patrons and saints proliferated. • Music – Spaniards introduced the piano and other Western instruments, Bands and Orchestra multiplied as the zarzuelas operas became prevalent. • Visual Arts – Spaniards introduced painting, sculpture which mostly depicted religious subject matters. • Architecture – stones and bricks were predominantly used in constructing buildings like churches, houses, and governement offices. C. American Colonial – took over the country which led to the declaration of the independence on June 12, 1898. Modernism entered the field of art wherein Filipinos started to explore different materials, methodologies, and techniques in expressing themselves through non-conventional art. • Modern Art – refers to the practice of art in the 1860s -1960s. The urbanization, consumerism, rise of the middle class, change in the political system, secularization, and the emergence of new technology affected the way of art making in that period. • Contemporary Art – refers to the recent and current practice of art ranging from 1970s up to the present. It mirrors the society and culture of the present time. Gaining Insights • Can you now distinguish the differences between the different art traditions? Art Appreciation Exercises Direction: Write E if the statement belong to Ethnic Tradition, S if it belongs to Spanish Tradition, an if it belongs to American Colonial and Contemporary Traditions. 1. Filipinos developed choreographies by mimicking movements of animals. 2. Technological innovations affected art making resulting to non-conventional artworks. 3. Zarzuelas and operas became popular in this period. 4. Religion and secularization influenced all arts form. 5. Potter, weaving, wood carving, and metal crafting are forms of visual arts. 6. Painting and sculpture were the most popular forms of visual art. 7. Filipinos studied abroad and later on introduced new ideas in art making. 8. Avant-garde artworks entered the scene. 9. Bricks and stones were predominantly used in constructing buildings. 10. The geographical location and experiences of the Filipinos were the main factors in art production.
