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Module3 Transformer

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3 views

Module3 Transformer

Uploaded by

aditi.mishra.ug23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 3:Transformers

INTRODUCTION
• The transformer is a static device which is used to transfer electrical
energy from one ac circuit to another ac circuit.
• Input to a transformer and output from a transformer both are
alternating quantities (AC).
• Electrical energy is generated and transmitted at an extremely high
voltages. The voltage is to be then reduced to a lower value for its
domestic and industrial use.
• This is done by using a transformer.
• The power transmission system using transformers is
shown in figure.
• When the transformer changes the voltage level, it
changes the current level also.
Basic Principle

• The primary winding is connected to the single –


phase ac supply, an ac current starts flowing through
it.
• The ac primary current produces an alternating flux
(Ф) in the core.
• Most of this changing flux gets linked with the
secondary winding through the core.
• The varying flux will induce voltage into the secondary
winding according to the faraday’s laws of
electromagnetic induction.
• Voltage level change but frequency i.e. time period
remains same.
• There is no electrical contact between the two
winding, an electrical energy gets transferred from
primary to the secondary.
• A simple transformer consists of two electrical
conductors called the primary winding and the
secondary winding.
• Energy is coupled between the windings by the time
varying magnetic flux that passes through( links) both
primary and secondary windings.
Can the transformer operate on
DC?
• Answer: NO
• The transformer action does not take place with a
direct current of constant magnitude.
• Because with a DC primary current, the flux produced
in the core is not alternating but it is of constant
value.
• As there is no change in the flux linkage with the
secondary winding, the induced emf in the secondary
is zero.
• If DC is applied to the primary then there is a
possibility of transformer core saturation.
• If core saturates the primary will draw excessively
large current. Therefore application of DC should be
avoided.
Transformer Types
• The transformer are of different types depending on
the arrangement of the core and the winding as
follows.
• Core Type
• Shell Type
• The magnetic core is a stack of thin silicon-steel
laminations about 0.35 mm thick for 50 Hz
transformer. In order to reduce the eddy current
losses, these laminations are insulated from one
another by thin layers of varnish.
Core Type Transformer
Shell Type Transformer
Sr. Core Type Transformer Shell Type Transformer
No
1. The core has only one The core has two windows.
window.
2. Winding encircles the Core encircles the windings.
core.
3. Cylindrical windings are Sandwich type windings are
used. used.
4. Easy to repair. It is not so easy to repair.
5. Better cooling since Cooling is not very
more surface is exposed effective.
to the atmosphere.
Construction of Transformer
• The Most important parts of a transformer are the
windings (coils) and the core.
• Some other parts such as suitable tank, conservator,
bushings, breather, explosion vent etc. are also used
along with the core and windings.
Applications
• Step – up and Step – down Voltage
• Measurement of current in single and three phase
system
• Measurement of voltage in single and three phase
system
• Measurement of power
• Measurement of Energy
Ideal transformer
 Ideal transformer is one with perfect coupling
and no lossless coils:

and

 The energy supplied to the primary must equal the energy absorbed by the secondary

• The ratings of transformers are usually specified as .


• A transformer with rating 2400/120 V should have 2400 V on the primary and 120 in
the secondary (i.e., a step-down transformer). The voltage ratings are in rms.
Ideal transformer
 Ideal transformer is one with perfect coupling
and no lossless coils:

and

 The energy supplied to the primary must equal the energy absorbed by the secondary

• The ratings of transformers are usually specified as .


• A transformer with rating 2400/120 V should have 2400 V on the primary and 120 in
the secondary (i.e., a step-down transformer). The voltage ratings are in rms.
Ideal transformer
 Ideal transformer is one with perfect coupling
and no lossless coils:

and

 The energy supplied to the primary must equal the energy absorbed by the secondary

• The ratings of transformers are usually specified as .


• A transformer with rating 2400/120 V should have 2400 V on the primary and 120 in
the secondary (i.e., a step-down transformer). The voltage ratings are in rms.
Uses:
Practical transformer
• Flux Leakage:
* Not all flux generated at primary side gets linked to secondary side.
• Copper Losses: Energy dissipated due to non-zero resistance of
transformer windings.
• Core (iron) Losses: Energy lost in transformer core
* Hysteresis Loss:
* Eddy current loss :
* it flows such that they tend to generate a flux which opposes changes in the
core flux.
m=3

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