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Unit-1 Introduction To Computer MS

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Varnika Tomar
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15 views

Unit-1 Introduction To Computer MS

Uploaded by

Varnika Tomar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

WHAT IS COMPUTER?

 The word “computer” is comes from the word “TO


COMPUTE” means to calculate.
 A computer is normally considered to be a calculation device
which can perform the arithmetic operations very speedily.
 A computer may be defined as a device which operates upon
the data.
 Data can be in the form of numbers, letters, symbols, size
etc. And it comes in various shapes & sizes depending upon
the type of computer application.
 A computer can store, process & retrieve data as and when
we desired.
 The fact that computer process data is so fundamental that
many people have started calling as “Data Processor”.
 A computer first it gets the Data, does Process on it and
then produces Information.
DEFINATION OF COMPUTER

DATA PROCESS INFORMATION


A computer is an electronic device which
takes input from the user, processes it
and gives the output as per user’s
requirement.
So the main tasks of performed by the
computer are:
 Input

 Process

 Output
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPUTER

• Automatic:
• Accuracy:
• Speed:
• Diligence:
• Versatility:
• Power of remembering:
No I.Q.
• No Fallings:
DATA PROCESSING CYCLE OF COMPUTER
The computer Data Processing is any
process that a computer program does to
enter data & summarise, analyse or
convert data into useable information.
The process may be automated & run on a
computer.
It involves recording, analysing, storing,
summarising & storing data.
--Because data are most useful when it
is well presented & informative.
The Data Processing Cycle
Data Processing cycle described all activities
which are common to all data processing systems
from manual to electronic systems.
These activities can be grouped in four functional
categories, viz., data input, data processing, data
output and storage, constituting what is known as
a data processing cycle.
The main aim of data processing cycle is to
convert the data into meaningful information.
Data processing system are often referred to as
Information System.
The Information System typically take raw Data
as Input to produce Information as Output.
The Data Processing Cycle
The data processing cycle contains main
four functions:
 Data input
 Data process
 Data storage
 Data output
CLASSIFICATION OF THE COMPUTER
The computers are divided mainly three
types on the based on data processed:
Analog computers
Digital computers
Hybrid computers
Analog computers

In Analog Computers, data is represented as


continuously varying voltage and operate
essentially by measuring rather counting.
As the data is continuously variable, the results
obtained are estimated and not exactly
repeatable.
It can able to perform multiple tasks
simultaneously and also capable to work
effectively with the irrational number. E.g. 1/8 =
0.125 and 1/6=0.1666
• Voltage, temperature and pressure are
measured using analog devices like
voltmeters, thermometers and barometers.
Digital computers

The digit computer is a machine based on


digital technology which represents
information by numerical digit.
In Digital Computers data is represented
as discrete units of electrical pulses. The
data is measured in quantities represented
as either the ‘on’ or ‘off’ state.
Therefore, the results obtained from a
digital computer are accurate.
Virtually all of today’s computers are
based on digital computers.
Hybrid computers

It combines the good features of both


analog & digital computers.
It has a speed of analog computer &
accuracy of digital computer.
Hybrid Computers accept data in analog
form and present output also in digitally.
The data however is processed digitally.
Therefore, hybrid computers require
analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog
converters for output.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE COMPUTER BY
DATA PROCESSING
The computers are classified in four
types on the based on data processing.
Micro computer
Mini computer
Mainframe computer
Super computer
Micro computer
Micro computers are the computers with
having a microprocessor chip as it central
processing unit.
Originated in late 1970s.
First micro computer was built with 8 bit
processor.
Microcomputer is known as personal computer.
Designed to use by individual whether in the
form of pc’s, workstation or notebook
computers.
Small in size and affordable for general people.
Ex: IBM PC, IBM PC/XT, IBM PC/AT
Mini computer

 Mini computers are originated in 1960s.


 Small mainframes that perform limited tasks.
 Less expensive than mainframe computer.
 Mini computers are Lower mainframe in the terms
of processing capabilities.
 Capable of supporting 10 to 100 users
simultaneously.
 In 1970s it contains 8 bit or 12 bit processor.
 Gradually the architecture requirement is grown
and 16 and 32 bit.
 Minicomputers are invented which are known as
supermini computers.
Ex: IBM AS400
Mainframe computer
 A very powerful computer which capable of supporting thousands of
user simultaneously.
 It contains powerful data processing system.
 It is capable to run multiple operating systems.
 It is capable to process 100 million instructions per second.
 Mainframes are very large & expensive computers with having larger
internal storage capacity & high processing speed.
 Mainframes are used in the organization that need to process large
number of transaction online & required a computer system having
massive storage & processing capabilities.
 Mainly used to handle bulk of data & information for processing.
 Mainframe system is housed in a central location with several user
terminal connected to it.
 Much bigger in size & needs a large rooms with closely humidity &
temperature.
 IBM & DEC are major vendors of mainframes.
 Ex : MEDHA, SPERRY, IBM, DEC, HP, HCL
Super computer
 Most powerful & most expensive computer.
 Used for complex scientific application that requires huge
processing power.
 Used multiprocessor technology to perform the calculation
very speedy.
 They are special purpose computers that are designed to
perform some specific task.
The cost of the super computer is depended on its
processing capabilities & configuration.
 The speed of modern computer is measured in gigaflops,
teraflops and petaflops.
 Gigaflops= 109 arithmetic operation per second.
 Teraflops=1012 arithmetic operation per second.
 Petaflops=1015 arithmetic operation per second.
 Ex: PARAM , EKA, BLUE GENE/P

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