ALBERT BANDURA’S SOCIAL COGNITIVE LEARNING THEORY

ALBERT BANDURA’S
SOCIAL COGNITIVE
LEARNING THEORY
Social Cognitive
Learning theory
is a learning theory based on the idea that
people learn by observing others.
Overview of Social
Cognitive Learning
theory
In 1986, Bandura published his second book
Social foundations of thought and action: A
social cognitive theory which expanded and
renamed his original theory. He called the new
theory, Social Cognitive Theory.
Assumptions learning occurs by observing others
and modeling
of Social
Cognitive internal processes and cognition of
observed behavior may or may not
Theory lead to a learned behavior
behavior is goal-directed - goals are

set and behavior is directed to
accomplishing the goal
behavior is eventually self-

regulated
Punishment and reinforcement have

indirect effects on the learning
process.
FOUNDATIONS OF
SOCIAL COGNITIVE
THEORY
SYMBOLIZING SELF - SELF - VICARIOUS
REGULATION REFLECTIVE
SYMBOLIZING
People are affected not only by direct
experience but also indirect events. Instead of
merely learning through trial-and-error
processes, human beings are able to
symbolically perceive events conveyed in
messages, construct possible solutions, and
evaluate the anticipated outcomes.
Self - Regulation
Individuals can regulate their own intentions
and behaviors by themselves. Individuals
proactively motivate and guide their actions
by setting challenging goals and then making
and effort to fulfill them.
Self - Reflective
Individuals can evaluate their thoughts and
actions by themselves which is identified as
another distinct feature of human beings.
Vicarious
Individuals can adopt skills and knowledge
through observation of other’s actions and
consequences, which also helps them gain
insight into their own activities.
CENTRAL CONCEPTS OF
SOCIAL COGNITIVE
THEORY
observational perceived
learning / self - efficacy
modeling outcome
expectations
goal setting self - regulation

FIRST CONCEPT:
observational
learning / modeling
Learning is a result of watching behavior and
consequences of models in the environment.
PROCESSES GOVERNING
OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
attention - SOMEONE OR SOMETHING GETS THEIR ATTENTION

retention - the information is retained
production - practice and application
motivation - POSITIVE FEEDBACK

SECOND CONCEPT:
OUTCOME
EXPECTATIONS
Reflect individuals’ belief about what
consequences are most likely to ensue if
particular behaviors are performed
THIRD CONCEPT:
PERCEIVED SELF -
EFFICACY
Reflect individuals’ belief about whether they
can achieve a given level of success at a
particular task.
FOURTH CONCEPT:
GOAL SETTING
Reflect cognitive representations of
anticipated, desired or preferred outcomes.
FIFTH CONCEPT: Self -
Regulation
Dependent on goal setting in individuals are
thought to manage their thought and actions
in order to reach particular outcomes.
self - regulation sub -
processes
Self Observation
Self - Evaluation
Self - Reaction
Reciprocal Causation Model
Criticism The social cognitive theory is that it
is not a unified theory.
of Social the theory is so broad that not all of
cognitive its component parts are fully

understood and integrated into a
single explanation of learning.
theory
the theory is limited in that not all
social learning can be directly
observed.
this theory tends to ignore

maturation throughout the lifespan.
SELF EFFICACY
THEORY
beliefs are an important aspect of human
motivation and behavior as well as influence
the actions that can affect one’s life.
PERFORMANCE
OUTCOMES
According to Bandura, performance outcomes
are the most important source of self efficacy.
Positive and negative experiences can
influence the ability of an individual to
perform a given task.
Vicarious experiences
A person can develop high or low self-efficacy
vicariously through other people’s
performances.
Verbal persuasion
Pertaining to an individual’s performance or
ability to perform.
Physiological feedback
People experience sensations from their body

and how they perceive this emotional arousal
influences their beliefs of efficacy.
SELF EFFICACY AND
RELATED IDEAS
PERSONALITY TRAITS - considered a fairly

stable pattern of psychological behavior and
influences how one will act in response to
diverse circumstances.
SELF - ESTEEM - refers to an individual’s

overall evaluation and sense of worth.
VIE THEORY - Expectancy theory (Expectancy,

Instrumentality, and valence) an individual’s
effort will lead to performance which in turn,
will lead to s specific outcome.

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ALBERT BANDURA’S

behavior is goal-directed - goals are

behavior is eventually self-

Punishment and reinforcement have

goal setting self - regulation

attention - SOMEONE OR SOMETHING GETS THEIR ATTENTION

production - practice and application

motivation - POSITIVE FEEDBACK

of Social the theory is so broad that not all of

cognitive its component parts are fully

this theory tends to ignore

People experience sensations from their body

PERSONALITY TRAITS - considered a fairly

SELF - ESTEEM - refers to an individual’s

VIE THEORY - Expectancy theory (Expectancy,

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