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    1st. Learners Psychology

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    diazjannallenrefinniell

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    1st. Learners Psychology

    Uploaded by

    diazjannallenrefinniell
    6 views9 pages

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views9 pages

    1st. Learners Psychology

    Uploaded by

    diazjannallenrefinniell

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

    LEARNER’S PSYCHOLOGY

    AND
    TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS
    The psychology of learning is a field of science that encompasses theories
    about how psychology relates to the ways of people learn. Scientists have
    created many theories about learning based on different disciplines,
    including:
     Behaviorism
     Neuroscience
     Social cognition
     Social constructivism
    BEHAVIORISM
     Behaviorism, also known as behavioral psychology, is a theory of learning based
    upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
     Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment.
     Behaviorists believe that our responses to environmental stimuli shape our
    actions.
    CONCEPTS OF CONDITIONING

    1. CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
    Classical conditioning describes the process of learning through association
    by linking a stimulus to a response.
    2. OPERANT CONDITIONING
    It states that the consequences of our previous actions determine how we
    choose behaviors. If a person does something that leads to punishment, they’re less
    likely to repeat it. If their behavior results in an award, they’re likely to do it again.
    3. OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING
    This method of learning shows that people can internalize information from
    their external environment and develop new habits based on observation.
    CLASSICAL CONDITIONING comprises four elements:
    • Unconditioned stimulus: an unconditioned stimulus triggers a response naturally.
    • Conditioned stimulus: a conditioned stimulus pairs with the unconditioned
    stimulus to trigger the same response.
    • Unconditioned response: an unconditioned response occurs naturally as a
    reaction to the unconditioned stimulus.
    • Conditioned response: a conditioned response occurs when a previously neutral
    stimulus creates an automatic response.
    OPERANT CONDITIONING has two key concepts:
    • Reinforcement learning refers to an event that increases the frequency of
    the behavior that follows it. This can be positive or negative, as both uses
    increase the behavior.
    • Punishment is the other key concept of operant conditioning. Both
    positive and negative punishments impact behavior associated with its
    consequence.
    NEUROSCIENCE
    Neuroscience is an approach to understanding the effect of the brain on
    psychological responses and overall well-being.

    SOCIAL COGNITION
    Social cognition refers to the processes by which people think about
    and interpret themselves, others, and the social world.
    SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIVISM
    Social constructivism is the view that learning occurs through social
    interaction and the help of others, often in a group. The theory of social
    constructivism was developed by Soviest psychologist Lev Vygotsky (1896-
    1934). The foundation of this theory is the belief that knowledge is not a copy
    of an objective reality but is rather the result the mind selecting and making
    sense of and recreating experiences.
    In this view, the processing of new knowledge involves three steps:
    1. Construction- building an understanding of a new concept by drawing on
    many separate pieces of knowledge.
    2. Story- the mental process of putting new information into memory
    3. Retrieval- finding and using information.
    Teaching-learning are essential components of education process. In fact,
    teaching and learning are equally important in education. Teaching is the task
    of a teacher to import knowledge , develop attitude and skills in students
    whereas learning is the outcome of effective teaching in terms of developing
    activities, progressive change in behaviour as a result of mental activities by
    students.

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