Global City

GLOBAL
CITY
content I INTRODUCTION
II WHY STUDY GLOBAL CITIES?
III DEFINING THE GLOBAL CITY
IV INDICATORS OF GLOBALITY
V CHALLENGES OF GLOBAL
CITIES
VI THE GLOBAL CITY AND THE

POOR
INTRODUCTION
THE GLOBAL CITY
-Also called world city or sometimes
alpha city or world center, is a city
which is a primary node in the
global economic network.
Cities in the globalizing world

although globalization certainly
affects rural and urban areas, global
forces are centered in cities.
Globalization is in the cities that
global operations are centralized
and where we can see most clearly
that phenomena associated with
their activities, whether it be
changes in the structure of
employment, the formation of
powerful partnerships, the
development of monumental real
estate, the emergence of new forms
of organized crime, the expansion of
corruption, the fragmentation of
informal networks or the spatial
isolation and social exclusion of
certain population groups.
WHY STUDY
II
GLOBAL CITIES?
GLOBALIZATION IS
SPATIAL
This statement means two
things.
1. Globalization is spatial
because it occurs in the
physical spaces.
2. Globalization is spatial
because what makes it move
is the fact that it is based in
places.
In the years to come, more and
more people will experience
globalization through cities.
In 1950, only 30% of the world
lived in urban areas.
By 2014, the number increased to
54%.
And by 2050, it is expected to
reach 66%.
Globalization is the reason for the
increase in the number of people
living in urban areas.
DEFINING THE
III
GLOBAL CITY
DEFINING THE GLOBAL
A Global City is a city generally considered
to be an important note in the global
economic system. The concept comes from
geography and urbanCITY studies and rest that
globalization can be understood as largely
created, facilitated, and enacted in
strategic geographic locales according to a
hierarchy of importance to the operation of
the global system of finance and trade.
The most complex of these entities is the
“global city”, whereby the linkages binding
a city have a direct and tangible effect on
global affairs through socio-economic
means.
The use of “global city”, as opposed to “megacity”, was popularized by sociologist Saskia
Sassan in her 1991 work, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo though the term “world
city” to describe cities that control a disproportionate amount of global business dates to at
least the May 1886 description of Liverpool by The Illustrated London News. Patrick Geddes
also used the term “world city” later in 1915. Cities can also fall from such categorization,
as in the case of cities that have become less cosmopolitan and less internationally
renowned in the current era.
Limiting the discussion of global cities to these three metropolises, however, is proving more
and more restrictive. The global economy has changed significantly since Sassan wrote her
book and any account of the economic power of the cities today must take note of the latest
development.
Classic 01
INDICATORS
IV
FOR GLOBILITY
INDICATORS FOR GLOBILITY
Attributes of global cities
Economic power
Economic opportunities: Make it attractive to talents across
the world.
Economic competitiveness. Criteria in market size,
purchasing power of citizens, size of the middle class and
potential growth.
Center of authority.
Political Influence: Powerful political hubs exert influence on
their own countries as well on international affairs
Center of higher learning and culture.
Economic power: Determines which cities are global
 Today, Global cities become
culturally diverse. In a global city,
one can try cuisines from different
parts of the world. Because of their
large Turkish populations, for
example, Berlin and Tokyo offer
some of the best Turkish food one
can find outside of Turkey.
THE CHALLENGES
V
OF GLOBAL CITIES
CHALLENGES OF
GLOBAL CITIES
o Global cities conjure up images of fast
placed, exciting, cosmopolitan lifestyles.
o They can be sites of great inequality and
poverty as well as tremendous violence.
o Global cities create winners and losers.
o As Richard Florida notes:
“Ecologists have found that by concentrating
their populations in smaller areas, cities and
metros decrease human encroachment on
natural habitats. Denser settlement patterns
yield energy savings, apartment buildings, for
example, are more effi cient to heat and cool
than detached suburban houses.”
o Moreover, in cities with extensive public
transportation systems, people tend to
drive less and thereby cut carbon
emissions.
 More importantly, because of the massiveness of city
populations across the world, it is surprising that urban areas
consume most of the world’s energy.
 Cities only cover 2% of the world’s landmass, but they consume
78% of global energy.
 Therefore, if carbon emissions must be cut to prevent global
warming, this massive energy consumption in cities must be
curbed.
 This action will require a lot of creativity.
 The major terror attacks of recent years have also targeted
cities.
 Cities, especially those with global influence, are obvious
targets for terrorists due to their high populations and their role
as symbols of globalization due to their high populations and
their role as symbols of globalization that many terrorists
despise.
 The same attributes that make them attractive to workers and
migrants make them sites of potential terrorist violence.
THE GLOBAL CITY
VI
AND THE POOR
THE GLOBAL CITY
AND THE POOR
We have consistently
noted that economic
globalization has
paved the way for
massive inequality.
This phenomenon is
thus very pronounced
in cities.
 As the city attracts more capital and
richer residents are forced to relocate to
far away but cheaper areas. This
phenomenon of driving out the poor in
favor of newer, wealthier residents is
called GENTRIFICATION.
 Once living in the public urban housing,
they were forced to move farther away
from city centers that offer more jobs,
more government services, and better
transportation due to gentrification. In
France, poor Muslim migrants are forced
out of Paris and have clustered around
ethnic enclaves known as banlieue.
 In most of the world’s global cities, the middle
class is also thinning out.
 Globalization creates high income jobs that are
concentrated in global cities.
 These high earners, in turn, generate demand
for an unskilled labor force that will attend to
their increasing needs.
 Meanwhile, many middle-income jobs in
manufacturing and business process
outsourcing are moving to other countries.
 This hallowing out of the middle class in global
cities has heightened the inequality within
them.
 A large global city may thus be a paradise for
some, but a suffering for others.
Thank
You

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GLOBAL

II WHY STUDY GLOBAL CITIES?

III DEFINING THE GLOBAL CITY

VI THE GLOBAL CITY AND THE

Cities in the globalizing world

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