L-2 Basic Computer Organization

Basic Computer Organization
Md. Monarul Islam Mithu

Lecturer, Daffodil International University
Learning Objectives
In this lecture you will learn about:
 Basic operations performed by all types of computer
systems
 Basic organization of a computer system
 Input unit and its functions
 Output unit and its functions
 Storage unit and its functions
 Types of storage used in a computer system
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
 Control Unit (CU)
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Computer as a system
The Five Basic Operations of
a Computer System
 Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions into

the computer system
 Storing. Saving data and instructions to make them readily
available for initial or additional processing whenever required
 Processing. Performing arithmetic operations (add, subtract,
multiply, divide, etc.) or logical operations (comparisons like
equal to, less than, greater than, etc.) on data to convert them
into useful information
 Outputting. The process of producing useful information or
results for the user such as a printed report or visual display
 Controlling. Directing the manner and sequence in which all
of the above operations are performed
Basic Organization of a
Computer System
Input Unit
An input unit of a computer system performs the

following functions:
① It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world
② It converts these instructions and data in computer

acceptable form
③ It supplies the converted instructions and data to the

computer system for further processing
Output Unit
An output unit of a computer system performs the

following functions:
① It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in

coded form and hence, cannot be easily understood by us
② It converts these coded results to human acceptable

(readable) form
③ It supplies the converted results to outside world

Storage Unit
The storage unit of a computer system

holds (or stores) the following :
① Data and instructions required for processing
(received from input devices)
② Intermediate results of processing
③ Final results of processing, before they are
released to an output device
Two Types of Storage
① Primary storage
Used to hold running program
instructions
Used to hold data, intermediate results,
and results of ongoing processing of
job(s)
Fast in operation
Small Capacity
Expensive
Two Types of Storage
② Secondary storage
Used to hold stored program instructions
Used to hold data and information of
stored jobs
Slower than primary storage
Large Capacity
Lot cheaper than primary storage
Retains data even without power
Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU)
Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system

is the place where the actual executions of
instructions takes place during processing
operation
Control Unit (CU)
 Control Unit of a computer system manages and coordinates
the operations of all other components of the computer
system
 The control unit is a component of a computer's central
processing unit (CPU) that directs operation of the processor.
It controls communication and co-ordination between
input/output devices. It reads and interprets instructions and
determines the sequence for processing the data.
 It directs the operation of the other units by providing timing
and control signals.
 All computer resources are managed by the CU (Control Unit).
 It directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit

(CPU) and the other devices.
Central Processing Unit
(CPU)
It is the brain of a computer system

It is responsible for controlling the
operations of all other units of a computer
system
The System Concept
A system has following three characteristics:
① A system has more than one element
② All elements of a system are logically related
③ All elements of a system are controlled in a manner to
achieve the system goal
A computer is a system as it comprises of integrated
components (input unit, output unit, storage unit,
and CPU) that work together to perform the steps
called for in the executing program
Key Words/Phrases
 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)  Controlling
 Output interface  Secondary storage
 Auxiliary storage  Input interface
 Output unit
 Storage unit
 Central Processing Unit
 Input unit
(CPU)
 Outputting  Storing
 Computer system  Inputting
 Primate storage  System

 Control Unit (CU)  Main memory
 Processing

L-2 Basic Computer Organization

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

L-2 Basic Computer Organization

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

L-2 Basic Computer Organization

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Basic Computer Organization

Md. Monarul Islam Mithu

 Inputting. The process of entering data and instructions into

An input unit of a computer system performs the

① It accepts (or reads) instructions and data from outside world

② It converts these instructions and data in computer

③ It supplies the converted instructions and data to the

An output unit of a computer system performs the

① It accepts the results produced by the computer, which are in

② It converts these coded results to human acceptable

③ It supplies the converted results to outside world

The storage unit of a computer system

Arithmetic Logic Unit of a computer system

 It directs the flow of data between the Central Processing Unit

It is the brain of a computer system

 Computer system  Inputting

 Primate storage  System

You might also like