C - Loops C-JK6

Revision question
1. An electric motor rotates 1000 times in a

minute. every time it rotates it moves a robot
2cm from its current location. Write a C program
that will show distance in M that the robot will
have covered one hour after the motor started
rotating.
2. Explain three types of loops used in
programming using the C syntax
C - Loops
You may encounter situations, when a block of code
needs to be executed several number of times.
In general, statements are executed sequentially: The
first statement in a function is executed first, followed by
the second, and so on.
Programming languages provide various control

structures that allow for more complicated execution
paths.
A loop statement allows us to execute a statement or
group of statements multiple times. Given below is the
general form of a loop statement in most of the
programming languages −
Flow chat of C - loops
C programming language provides the following types of loops to handle
looping requirements.
Sr.No. Loop Type & Description

while loop
1 Repeats a statement or group of statements while a given condition is true. It tests the
condition before executing the loop body.
for loop
2 Executes a sequence of statements multiple times and abbreviates the code that
manages the loop variable.
do...while loop
3 It is more like a while statement, except that it tests the condition at the end of the
loop body.
nested loops
4
You can use one or more loops inside any other while, for, or do..while loop.
The Infinite Loop
• A loop becomes an infinite loop if a condition never becomes false. The for loop is
traditionally used for this purpose. Since none of the three expressions that form
the 'for' loop are required, you can make an endless loop by leaving the conditional
expression empty.
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
for( ; ; ) {
printf("This loop will run forever.\n");
}
return 0;
}
When the conditional expression is absent, it is assumed to be true. You may have an
initialization and increment expression, but C programmers more commonly use the
for;;
construct to signify an infinite loop.
while loop in C
• A while loop in C programming repeatedly executes a

target statement as long as a given condition is true.
Syntax
The syntax of a while loop in C programming language is −
while(condition) {
statement(s);
}
• Here, statements may be a single statement or a block of
statements. The condition may be any expression, and
true is any nonzero value. The loop iterates while the
condition is true.
• When the condition becomes false, the program control
passes to the line immediately following the loop.
Here, the key point to note is that a while loop might not execute at all. When the
condition is tested and the result is false, the loop body will be skipped and the first
statement after the while loop will be executed.
while loop in C
Example
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
/* local variable definition */

int a = 10;
/* while loop execution */

while( a < 20 ) {
printf("value of a: %d\n", a);
a++;
}
return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
do...while loop in C
• Unlike for and while loops, which test the loop condition at the top
of the loop, the do...while loop in C programming checks its
condition at the bottom of the loop.
• A do...while loop is similar to a while loop, except the fact that it is
guaranteed to execute at least one time.
• Syntax
• The syntax of a do...while loop in C programming language is −
do {
statement(s);
} while( condition );
• Notice that the conditional expression appears at the end of the

loop, so the statements in the loop executes once before the
condition is tested.
• If the condition is true, the flow of control jumps back up to do, and
the statements in the loop executes again. This process repeats until
Flow diagram for do...while loop
Example
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
/* local variable definition */

int a = 10;
/* do loop execution */
do {
a = a + 1;
}while( a < 20 );
return 0;
}
When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
for loop in C
• A for loop is a repetition control structure that

allows you to efficiently write a loop that
needs to execute a specific number of times.
• Syntax
• The syntax of a for loop in C programming
language is −
for ( init; condition; increment ) {

statement(s);
}
Here is the flow of control in a 'for' loop −
• The init step is executed first, and only once. This step allows you to
declare and initialize any loop control variables. You are not required to
put a statement here, as long as a semicolon appears.
• Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is

executed. If it is false, the body of the loop does not execute and the flow
of control jumps to the next statement just after the 'for' loop.
• After the body of the 'for' loop executes, the flow of control jumps back
up to the increment statement. This statement allows you to update any
loop control variables. This statement can be left blank, as long as a
semicolon appears after the condition.
• The condition is now evaluated again. If it is true, the loop executes and
the process repeats itself body of loop, then increment step, and then
again condition
• After the condition becomes false, the 'for' loop terminates.
Flow diagram- for loop
Example- for loop
#include <stdio.h>
int main () {
int a;
/* for loop execution */

for( a = 10; a < 20; a = a + 1 ){
}
return 0;
}
• When the above code is compiled and executed, it produces the following result −
Nested loops in C
• C programming allows to use one loop inside another loop.
The following section shows a few examples to illustrate the
concept.
• Syntax
• The syntax for a nested for loop statement in C is as follows −

statement(s);
}
statement(s);
}
Nested while loop
• The syntax for a nested while loop statement in C
programming language is as follows −
while(condition) {
while(condition) {
statement(s);
}
statement(s);
}
Nested do...while loop
• The syntax for a nested do...while loop statement in C programming language
is as follows
do {
statement(s);
do {
statement(s);
}while( condition );
}while( condition );
• A final note on loop nesting is that you can put any type of loop inside any other
type of loop. For example, a 'for' loop can be inside a 'while' loop or vice versa.

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Revision question

1. An electric motor rotates 1000 times in a

Programming languages provide various control

Sr.No. Loop Type & Description

• A while loop in C programming repeatedly executes a

/* local variable definition */

/* while loop execution */

• Notice that the conditional expression appears at the end of the

/* local variable definition */

• A for loop is a repetition control structure that

for ( init; condition; increment ) {

• Next, the condition is evaluated. If it is true, the body of the loop is

/* for loop execution */

for ( init; condition; increment ) {

for ( init; condition; increment ) {

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