Trends, Scopes, and Challenges in Psychiatric

Trends, Scopes, and
Challenges in
Psychiatric Nursing
Introduction
Trends
• Till about 17th century all abnormal behavior
was believed to be act of the ‘Devil’ i.e.,
“Against God”. Mentally ill were considered
evil and describe as witches.
• Gradually over the passing time, mental illness
was considered as deviant behavior and
mentally ill were considered socially
unacceptable and put in jails along with other
criminals.
Conti…….
• In the modern era, there was shift from ‘evil’ to
‘ill’. Mentally ill were called as ‘mad’ and were
placed in special places “asylums”. Philippe Pinal
was the first psychiatrist to free these mentally ill
from asylums.
• With the understanding of human behavior during
19th century, it lead to a change towards the
mentally ill patients. In 20th century introduction
of the physical form of treatment followed. By 4th
decade pharmacology for the
Conti…….
mentally ill was introduced. so, mentally ill
started getting better care.
• Health survey committies report in 1946
recommendation a 1 year post certificate in
psychiatric nursing was started in 1956 at
national institute of mental health and
neuroscience (NIMHANS), 1964 Mudalier
committee made recommendation to prepare a
large no. of psychiatric nurse to care sick people.
Conti……
• In 1965 INC included mental health nursing as
a course in the B.Sc. Nursing programmed. In
1975 psychiatric nursing was offered as
elective subject in M.Sc. Nursing at Rajkumari
Amrit Kaur college of nursing, New Delhi then
so, many colleges offering this course all over
India.
Current trends in mental health care
• Educational programme for psychiatric nurse.
• Development of code of ethics.
• Legal aspects in psychiatric nursing.
• Promotion of research in mental health
nursing.
• Mental health global action programme.
• Health and human rights.
• Revision of hospital medical code.
• Focus of care.
Scopes in mental health nursing
• Psychiatric nursing is a specialized area of nursing
practice committed to promoting mental health
through the assessment, diagnosis and treatment
to health problems and psychiatric disorders.
• The mental health nurse work in child guidance
clinic, school health programme, sheltered
workshops, halfway home, de-addiction camps,
suicidal prevention squads, old age home and in
foster home.
Conti……..
• He/she works as counselor in adolescent
clinics, AIDS clinics and as a psychiatric nurse
consultant in general hospital.
• He/she is a team leader for crisis intervention
and then services can be availed in all units of
hospital.
• He/she works as nurse educator, counselor
and clinic specialist consultant and conducts
research.
Conti……..
Personnel Training Role/function
1. Psychiatric Registered nurse Biopsychosocia

nurse with specialized nursing care of
training in the patient, families
care and and their milieu.
treatment of
psychiatric
patient.
2. Psychiatrist Medical Dr. Medical
(MD)with diagnosis and
internship and treatment of
training in psy. patient with
mental disorder.
Challenges in mental health nursing
• It is quit easy to understand why mental nurse
jobs can be considered challenging by most.
Most of the nurse are not enter in this
specialization but some of them despite the
challenges. The care of mentally ill person is
very challenging aspects. These people do not
have the same mental faculties as a normal
person thus they needs extra care and
understanding.
Conti………
• There is a lack of clearly enunciated definition
of the roles of professional psychiatric nurses.
• Greater emphasis should be given to
encourage a master degree in psychiatric
nursing so, nurse play active role in specialized
treatment modalities.
• To offer diploma in psychiatric nursing course
in colleges so that trained psychiatric nurses
will available in general and district hospital.
Conti………
• To maintain standard of psychiatric nursing care
psychiatric nurse patient ratio as per INC is 1:5
in non teaching and 1:3 in teaching hospital.
• An integrated and coordinated role both in
services and training is essential in maintaining
quality of care.
• High priority should be given place qualified
psychiatric nurses in counseling centre and
community health centre.
Conti……..
• Nurses are challenged to continue to develop
their technical and computer skills in
improving care by use of this technology.
• Nurses can play an important role in dispelling
myths of mental illness, stigma often prevents
individuals from seeking help for thus
problem.
• Health care delivery system challenges.
Changes and challenges
1. Demographic change:-
• Types of family.
• Increasing no. of elderly.
2. Social change:-
• Intergroup and intra group loyality maintenance.
• Peer pressure.
Conti……
3. Economic changes:-
• Industrialization.
• Urbanization.
• Raised standard of living.
4. Technological changes:-
• Mass media.
• Electronic systems.
• Information technology.
Conti………
5. Mental health care changes:-
• Increased awareness in public about mental
health importance.
• Need to maintain stability.
• Increased mental health programme.
Present scene of mental health
• 450 million people affected worldwide.
• Mental problem common at all countries.
• 1 in every 4 person going for health services
has at least one emotional problems.
• Mental problems of clients with chronic
disorders.
• Unavailability of cost effective treatment.
• Lack of recognition awareness and action.
How we integrate with mental health
problems
• Experience and education.
• Role and function.
• Relationship with other profession.
bibliography
1. D.Elakkuvana Bhaskar Raj. “Deber’s Mental
Health (Psychiatric) Nursing”. Emmess
publication, first edition: 2014, page
no.10,30.
2. R.Sreevani. “A guide to Mental Health and

Psychiatric Nursing.” Jaypee publication, first
edition: 2004, page no.5,7,14.
Conti………
3. Santosh Malik. “A Text book of Psychiatric
Nursing.” Rajinder Kapoor publication,first
edition: 2010,page no.17.
4. . I.Clement. “Nursing M.Sc. Solved question
paper.”Emmess publication,first edition:
2010,page no.743.
5. Krishna Haunda. “A Text book of Mental
Health and Mental Illness.” Rajinder Kapoor
publication,first edition:2010,page no.34.
Thank You

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1. Psychiatric Registered nurse Biopsychosocia

2. R.Sreevani. “A guide to Mental Health and

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