Carnation

Carnation
The fairest flowers o’ the season

Are our carnations and streaked
gillyvors,
Which some call nature’s bastards.
– William Shakespeare
General information
• Carnation, (Dianthus caryophyllus), also called

grenadine or clove pink, herbaceous plant of the
pink, or carnation, family (Caryophyllaceae),
native to the Mediterranean area. It is widely
cultivated for its fringe-petaled flowers, which
often have a spicy fragrance, and is used
extensively in the floral industry.
Flower anatomy
• calyx – the outer whorl of sepals that

are typically green, but are petal-like in
some species.
• corolla – the whorl of petals which are
usually thin, soft, and colored to attract
pollinating insects.
• androecium - the stamen that is made
up of a filament topped by an anther
where pollen containing the male
gametes is produced.
• gynoecium - the carpel that contains
the female reproductive organs and
contain an ovary with ovules, the
female gametes.
Spray carnation - Spray
carnation is generally a bunch of
flowers on short branches of a
Standard carnationsingle stalk. The flowers are
small and compact
- These have single Micro carnation - These have
large flower on anon each branch.shorter stems and higher
individual stem production than spray varieties.
used as cut flower. These are used as ornamental
pot plants besides its utility in
flower arrangement.
Carnation
varieties
Use of
carnation
• Carnations are used in tea
to relieve stress, fatigue,
depression, insomnia and
female hormonal
imbalances. They are also
used in massage oils
to treat skin irritations or
reduce the appearance of
wrinkles. The
ancient Aztec Indians
used carnation tea as a
diuretic and to treat chest
congestion. The primary
use of carnations in the
United States is as a cut
flower or in cosmetics.
Meaning
• The carnation’s scientific
name, Dianthus, comes from a
combination of two Latin words:
“dios,” meaning gods,
and “anthos,” meaning
flower. Carnations are referred to as
the flowers of the gods
• The carnation flower’s message is as
individual as the recipient is. While they
all symbolize love, distinction and
fascination, you can tailor your message
by the color you choose.
Language of flowers
Carnation What they mean

• Carnations in general Fascination, Woman's Love
• Pink Carnations Mother's love
• Light red Carnations Admiration
Deep love and a woman's affection
• Dark red Carnations
Pure Love and Good Luck
• White Carnations
Regret, Refusal
• Striped Carnations
St. Patrick's Day
• Green Carnations Capriciousness
• Purple Carnations Dissapontment, Dejection
• Yellow Carnation
History
• The green carnation became a queer symbol
in 1892 when Oscar Wilde instructed a
handful of his friends to wear them on their
lapels to the opening night of his
comedy Lady Windermere’s Fan. From then
on, wearing a green carnation on your lapel
was a secret, subtle hint that you were a
man who loved other men.
Harvesting carnation
• After planting normally carnation takes
110-120 days to come to peak flowering. A
commercial carnation plant is capable of
producing 8 to 20 flowers per year.
• Depending upon market demand
harvesting can be delayed by covering the
buds with bud nets. When the buds start
showing colour, bud nets can be put
covering the entire flower bud, this also
enhances the bud size besides regulating
the flower development.
Post harvest
operations
• Immediately after harvest, cut ends of the carnation flower
stems should be placed in a bucket containing clean water or
floral preservative of biocide and acidifying agent.
• These flowers are pre cooled as early as possible at 20C for two
to four hours
• Only healthy and uniform cut flowers are graded based on stem
length and bud size.
• As per the market requirement, bunch of 10, 15 or 20 flowers
are tied with rubber band and the blooms covered with butter
paper sleeves.
• Leaves on 1/3rd of the basal stem are removed and end of the
stems trimmed.
• These bunched and trimmed flowers are immediately placed in
a bucket of preservative solution prepared in de-ionized water
again.
• A good preservative solution for carnations should be acidic (pH
4.5) with 2-5% sucrose and a biocide for pulsing .
Dryin carnation
• There are two main ways to

preserve carnations. The air-drying
method can be used to dry
Click toseveral
add text
flowers at once, but the blooms will
be discolored. Drying carnations in
the microwave generally preserves
their color and shape, but the
flowers must be dried one at a time.
Bibliography
• http://www.microscopy-uk.org.uk/
mag/artnov07macro/flower_anato
my/index.htm
• https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/cr
op-production/package-of-practice
s/flowers/carnation
• https://www.gardenguides.com/8
7356-dry-oriental-lilies.html
• https://bloomiq.com/cutflowers/1
3
• https://daily.jstor.org/four-flowerin
g-plants-decidedly-queered/
• https://www.flowermeaning.com/
carnation-flower-meaning/

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Carnation

The fairest flowers o’ the season

• Carnation, (Dianthus caryophyllus), also called

• calyx – the outer whorl of sepals that

Carnation What they mean

• There are two main ways to

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