1. Introduction Lecture (1)

WEL-COME
Introduction to
Computer
Fundamental
What is Computer?
A computer is a programmable electronic
device that accepts raw data as input and processes it
with a set of instructions (a program) to produce the
result as output. It renders output just after
performing mathematical and logical operations and
can save the output for future use. It can process
numerical as well as non-numerical calculations.
It is believed that the Analytical Engine was
the first computer which was invented by Charles
Babbage in 1837. It used punch cards as read-only
memory. Charles Babbage is also known as the
“father of the computer.”
Benefits of Using a Computer:
Increases your productivity:
A computer increases your productivity. For
example, after having a basic understanding of a
word processor, you can create, edit, store, and print
the documents easily and quickly.
Connects to the Internet:
It connects you to the internet that allows you
to send emails, browse content, gain information, use
social media platforms, and more. By connecting to
the internet, you can also connect to your long-
distance friends and family members.
Storage:
A computer allows you to store a large amount
of information, e.g., you can store your projects,
eBooks, documents, movies, pictures, songs, and
more.
Organized Data and Information:
It not only allows you to store data but also
enables you to organize your data. For example, you
can create different folders to store different data and
information and thus can search for information
easily and quickly.
Improves your abilities:
It helps write good English if you are not good
at spelling and grammar. Similarly, if you are not
good at maths, and don't have a great memory, you
can use a computer to perform calculations and store
the results.
Assist the physically challenged:
It can be used to help the physically
challenged, e.g., Stephen Hawking, who was not
able to speak used computer to speak. It also can be
used to help blind people by installing special
software to read what is on the screen.
Keeps you entertained:
You can use the computer to listen to songs,
watch movies, play games and more.
Generations of Computers:
A generation of computers refers to the
specific improvements in computer technology with
time. In 1946, electronic pathways called circuits
were developed to perform the counting. It replaced
the gears and other mechanical parts used for
counting in previous computing machines.
In each new generation, the circuits became
smaller and more advanced than the previous
generation circuits. The miniaturization helped
increase the speed, memory and power of computers.
There are five generations of computers which

are described as First Generation, Second
Generation, Third Generation, Fourth Generation &
Fifth Generation.
First Generation Computers:
The first generation (1946-1959) computers
were slow, huge and expensive. In these computers,
vacuum tubes were used as the basic components of
CPU and memory. These computers were mainly
depended on batch operating system and punch
cards. Magnetic tape and paper tape were used as
output and input devices in this generation
Some of the popular first generation computers are:
• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

• EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)
• UNIVACI (Universal Automatic Computer)
• IBM-701
• IBM-650
Second Generation Computers:
The second generation (1959-1965) was the
era of the transistor computers. These computers
used transistors which were cheap, compact and
consuming less power; it made transistor computers
faster than the first generation computers.
Some of the popular second generation computers
are:
• IBM 1620
• IBM 7094
• CDC 1604
• CDC 3600
• UNIVAC 1108
Third Generation Computers:
The third generation computers (1965-
1971) used integrated circuits (ICs) instead of
transistors. A single IC can pack huge number of
transistors which increased the power of a computer
and reduced the cost. The computers also became
more reliable, efficient and smaller in size. These
generation computers used remote processing, time-
sharing, multi programming as operating system.
Some of the popular third generation computers are:
• IBM-360 series
• Honeywell-6000 series
• PDP (Personal Data Processor)
• IBM-370/168
• TDC-316
Fourth Generation Computers:
The Fourth generation computers (1971-
1980) computers used very large scale integrated
(VLSI) circuits; a chip containing millions of
transistors and other circuit elements. These chips
made this generation computers more compact,
powerful, fast and affordable. These generation
computers used real time, time sharing and
distributed operating system.
Some of the popular fourth generation computers are:
• DEC 10
• STAR 1000
• PDP 11
• CRAY-1(Super Computer)
• CRAY-X-MP(Super Computer)
Fifth Generation Computers:
In fifth generation (1980-till date) computers,
the VLSI technology was replaced with ULSI (Ultra
Large Scale Integration). It made possible the
production of microprocessor chips with ten million
electronic components. This generation computers
used parallel processing hardware and AI (Artificial
Intelligence) software.
Some of the popular fifth generation computers are:
• Desktop
• Laptop
• NoteBook
• UltraBook
• ChromeBook
Types of Computers:
Computers are divided into different types
based on different criteria. Based on the size, a
computer can be divided into five types:
* Micro Computer * Mini Computer

* Mainframe Computer * Super Computer
* Workstations
Super Computer:
Super-computers are the fastest and most
expensive computers among all types of computers.
They have huge storage capacities and computing
speeds and thus can perform millions of instructions
per second.
The super-computers are task-specific and thus
used for specialized applications such as large-scale
numerical problems in scientific and engineering
disciplines including applications in electronics,
petroleum engineering, weather forecasting,
medicine, space research and more. For example,
NASA uses supercomputers for launching space
satellites and monitoring and controlling them for
space exploration.
Founder Member Mr. Vijay Bhatkar & Team – Pune Research Center
Mainframe Computer:
It is also a multi-user computer capable of
supporting thousands of users simultaneously. They
are used by large firms and government organizations
to run their business operations as they can store and
process large amounts of data. For example, Banks,
universities, and insurance companies use mainframe
computers to store the data of their customers,
students, and policyholders, respectively.
Most used in LIC Company, Railway Reservation, many big companies
like Reliance, Tata……..etc.
Mini Computer:
Mini-computers are also known as "Midrange
Computers." They are not designed for a single. They
are multi-user computers designed to support
multiple users simultaneously. So, they are generally
used by small businesses and firms. Individual
departments of a company use these computers for
specific purposes.
Most used in small company for department wise recording
Micro Computer:
It is a single-user computer which has less
speed and storage capacity than the other types. It
uses a microprocessor as a CPU. The first
microcomputer was built with 8-bit microprocessor
chips.
The common examples of microcomputers
include laptops, desktop computers, personal digital
assistant (PDA), tablets, and smartphones.
Microcomputers are generally designed and
developed for general usage like browsing, searching
for information, internet, MS Office, social media,
etc.
1. Desktop Micro Computer 2. Laptop
3. Tablet PC 4. Handheld or Palm
Data
Software People
Information
Technology
Procedure Hardware
Procedure:
The rules or guidelines people follow when
using software, hardware and data are Procedure.
Data:
The raw, unprocessed facts, including text,
numbers, images and sound called Data.
Software:
A program consists of the step-by-step
instruction’s that tell the computer how to do its
works known as Software.
Hardware:
The equipment that processes the data to create
information is called Hardware.
It includes the keyboard, mouse, monitor,

system unit and other devices.
COMPUTER
Hardware Software
System Application
CPU Monitor Keyboard Mouse software software
Parts of Computers:
The basic parts without which a computer
cannot work are as follows:
* Processor * Memory
* Motherboard * Storage Device
* Input Device * Output Device
Processor:
It executes instructions from software and
hardware.
Memory:
It is the primary memory for data transfer
between the CPU and storage.
Motherboard:
It is the part that connects all other parts or
components of a computer.
Storage Device:
It permanently stores the data, e.g., hard drive.
Input Device:
It allows you to communicate with the
computer or to input data, e.g., a keyboard, mouse,
scanner, joystick, etc
Output Device:
It enables you to see the output, e.g., monitor,
printer, speaker, projector, etc.
Thank You

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WEL-COME

There are five generations of computers which

• ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)

* Micro Computer * Mini Computer

It includes the keyboard, mouse, monitor,

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