ASSIGNAMENT
ASSIGNAMENT
ASSIGNAMENT
FUNDAMENTAL OF COMPUTERS
ASSIGNAMENT=1
SUBMITTED BY:
PAWAN KUMAR
SUBMITTED TO:
Dr. BHAGWAN SINGH SIR
INTRODUCTION
• A computer is a machine that accepts data as input,
processes that data using programs and outputs the
processed data as information.
• Initially, computers were developed to perform
mathematical operations, but later on, they were used to
store the result of those operations, which with the time
leads to the storage of other data or information.
GENERATIONS OF COMPUTERS
(FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER,
2022)
The history of computer development is often referred to in
reference to the different generations of computing devices.
Each generation of computer is characterized by a major
technological development that fundamentally changed the
way computers operate, resulting in increasingly smaller,
cheaper, more powerful, efficient and reliable devices.
First Generation - 1940-1956: Vacuum Tubes
The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and
magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms. They were very expensive to operate
and in addition to using a great deal of electricity, generated
a lot of heat, which was often the cause of malfunctions. First
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The monitor:-
This is the Visual Display Unit (VDU). There are various
technologies for the display unit, cathode ray tube (CRT) or
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or electro luminescent screens or
the projector. The monitor or screen displays your work.
Facing it down reduces reflected glare from room lights. This
reflection may affect your sight. Monitors come in different
sizes. The (most important) size of the monitor is measured
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TYES OF COMPUTERS
Analog computer
These systems were the first type to be produced. It is an
electronic machine capable of performing arithmetic
functions on numbers which are represented by some
physical quantities such as temperature, pressure, voltage,
etc. Analog refers to circuits or numerical values that have a
continuous range. Popular analog computer used in the 20th
century was the slide rule.
Digital Computers
Virtually all modern computers are digital. Digital refers to
the processes in computers that manipulate binary numbers
(0s or 1s), which represent switches that are turned on or off
by electrical current. A bit can have the value 0 or the value
1, but nothing in between 0 and 1. A desk lamp can serve as
an example of the difference between analog and digital. If
the lamp has a simple on/off switch, then the lamp system is
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Hybrid Computer
This is when a computer make is of both analog and digital
components and techniques. Such computer require analog
to digital and digital to analog converter which will make
analog and digital data palatable to it. The basic classification
nowadays uses the following.
1. The Desktop
A computer is referred to as "desktop" when it is
relatively small enough to be positioned on top of a
table where a person is working. Such a computer can
also be placed on the floor or somewhere under, or
aside of, the table, in which case the monitor would
be placed on top of the table. This is the most
common type of computers used in the office or at
home. A desktop computer is made of different parts
that are connected with cables.
2. The Laptop
A computer is called laptop when it combines the
CPU, the monitor, the keyboard, and the mouse in
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INPUT DEVICES
Input unit consists of external devices that is, components
outside the computer’s CPU. It provides or fetches
information and instructions to the computer. These include
keyboard, mouse (mechanical/ opto- mechanical/opticals),
light pen, joystick, scanner, microphones (voice recognition
modules), Optical Character Reader (OCR), Magnetic Ink
Character Reader Recognition (MICR), bar code reader,
badge reader, digitizer, touch screen and optical mark reader
(OMR).
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OUTPUT DEVICES
SYSTEM MEMORY
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What is Network?
• A network consists of two or more computers that are
linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs),
exchange files, or allow electronic communications.
• The computers on a network may be linked through cables,
telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light
beams.
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REFERENCES
(TYPES OF NETWORKS, 2022)
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