Introduction to SQL and PL SQL
Introduction to SQL and PL SQL
A Comprehensive Guide
Overview
• - What is SQL?
• - Importance in database management
• - Key topics covered in this presentation
Characteristics of SQL
• - High-level query language
• - Declarative language
• - Cross-platform compatibility
• - Standardized by ANSI
Advantages of SQL
• - Simplicity and ease of learning
• - Supports multiple databases
• - Scalability and security
• - Ability to handle large datasets
SQL Data Types and Literals
• - Data types: Numeric, String, Date, etc.
• - Literals: Numeric literals, String literals, and
Date literals
Types of SQL Commands
• - DDL: Create, Alter, Drop
• - DML: Insert, Update, Delete
• - DCL: Grant, Revoke
• - TCL: Commit, Rollback, Savepoint
SQL Operators and Their Procedure
• - Arithmetic, Comparison, Logical, and Bitwise
operators
• - Examples of usage
Tables, Views, and Indexes
• - Tables
• - Views
• - Indexes
Queries and Subqueries
• - Writing SQL queries
• - Subqueries: Nested queries and their
purpose
Aggregate Functions
• - COUNT, SUM, AVG, MAX, MIN
• - Syntax and examples
Insert, Update, and Delete
Operations
• - INSERT INTO
• - UPDATE
• - DELETE
Joins in SQL
• - INNER, OUTER, LEFT, RIGHT, FULL
• - Syntax and examples
Unions, Intersection, and Minus
• - UNION
• - INTERSECT
• - MINUS
Cursors in SQL
• - What are cursors?
• - Types: Implicit and Explicit
• - Usage and examples
PL/SQL
• - Introduction to PL/SQL
• - Advantages over SQL
• - Features of procedural programming
Triggers in SQL
• - What are triggers?
• - Types: BEFORE and AFTER triggers
• - Syntax and examples
Clusters in SQL
• - Definition of clusters
• - Advantages in data organization
• - Example use cases
Summary
• - Recap of key points covered
Questions
• Feel free to ask your questions!