General

Mathematics
Unit 1: Functions
• Learning Competency: The learner represents real-life situations
using functions including piecewise functions. (M11GM-Ia-1)
1. Recall the concepts of relations and functions
2. Represents real-life situations using functions
3. Evaluates a function
4. Performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and
composition of functions
5. solves problems involving functions.
1.1 Representing Functions
• Function is said to be the central idea in the study of
mathematics. In many situations, there is a mathematical
function in which one quality according to some definite
rule.
• Physical situations and number patterns can be
represented by tables, graphs, verbal rules and equations
where their interrelationship can be studied and analyzed
(Bernabe, 2006).
What is Function?
• A function is a rule of correspondence between two non-
empty sets, such that, to each element of the first set
called domain, there corresponds one and only one
element of the second set called range.
• Functions are often denoted by any letter of the English
alphabet or Greek character. If f is a function and x is
an element in its domain, then, to each element; the
functions f associates exactly one value to be denoted
by f(x).
 FUNCTIONS

• Functions relate to an input to output

What is a Relation?
• A Relation is any set of ordered pairs. The set of all first
elements of the ordered pairs is called the domain of the
relation, and the set of all second elements is called the
range.
Ways to Determine if a relation is a
Function

1. Set of Ordered Pairs

2. Mapping
3. Graphing
 NOTES: Functions each element of the first set
called domain, there corresponds one and only
one element of the second set called range.
• I. Set of Ordered Pairs
• Which of the following set of ordered pairs are function?

• A = { (1, 2) , (2, 3) , (3, 4) , (4, 5)}

• B = { (1, 1) , (2, 2) , (3, 3) , (4, 4)}

• C = { (1, 0) , (0, 1), (-1, 0) , (0, -1)}

• D = { (-2, 4), (-1, 1) , (0, 0) , (1, 1) , (2, 4)}

FUNCTIONS each element of the first set called
domain, there corresponds one and only one
element of the second set called range.

II. Mapping
 Graph of a Function

• Vertical Line Test – a graph of a mathematical relation is a

function if any vertical line drawn passing through the
graph intersects the graph at exactly one point.
 Quiz No.1
Direction: Which of the following ordered pairs are
functions?

5
 Determine if each diagram
determine a function or not.
6 7
 1
8 0

1
9 1
Identify which of the given graph
represents a function.
1 1
2 3
1 1
4 8

1 1
5 9

1 2
6 0

1 2
7 1
• 22. Domain is all values of
______?
• 23. Range is all values of _____?
• 24. If y is the output then x is
our _____?
• 25. What is a Function?
1.2 Evaluating
a Function
Rule in Evaluating a Function.
• Replace every x in the function rule f(x) with the
given replacement value, then , simplify the
resulting numerical expression.
EXAMPLE
1
Evaluate the function f(x)=x^2+3x-
2 for each replacement of x.
• A. -3

• B. 0

• C. 2

• D3
 EXAMPLE
2
If the functions f(x)=2x^2+x-3, and
G(x)= 2x^3-4, find the following function values.
1.f(0)
2.f(3)
3.f(-2)
4.G(5)
5.G(-7)
 Quiz No. 2

Direction: Find the function value.

1. F(x)= 5x-7, find F(4) and F(3).
2. F(x)=5-2x, find F(5) and F(-4).
3. F(x)= x^2+2x-7, find F(1) and F(-2).
4. F(x)= 3x^2+x-5, find F(0) and F(3).
5. F(x)=-2x^2+3x-1, find F(5) and F(-1).
• 6. If G(x)=9-5x, find G(-4) and G(12).
• 7. If G(x)=10-15x, find G(-10) and
G(7).
• 8. If G(x)=25-5x, find G(-15) and
G(10).
• 9. If G(x)=-10-5x, find G(-7) and
G(14).
Operation
s on
Functions
 Sum and Difference of a
Functions
• If f and g are functions with domain
f
D
g and D , respectively
their sum is the function defined as

(f+g) (x) = f(x) + g(x)

And their difference is the functions defined as

(f-g) (x) = f(x) - g(x)

Example:
Let f(x)= 2x3-5x+4 and g(x)= 3x2+2x -6. Find (f+g)(x).

Solution: (f + g)(x)= f(x) + g(x)

= (2x3 - 5x + 4)+(3x2 + 2x - 6)
= 2x3 - 5x + 4 + 3x2 + 2x - 6
=2x3 + 3x2 - 3x – 2

Let f(x)= 4x3-8x+10 and g(x)= 2x2+2x -6. Find (f+g)(x).

?
Example:
Let f(x)= 2x 3 -5x+4 and g(x)= 3x 2 +2x -6. Find (f-g)(x).

Solution: (f - g)(x)= f(x) - g(x)

= (2x 3 - 5x + 4) - (3x 2 + 2x - 6)
= 2x 3 - 5x + 4 - 3x 2 + 2x - 6
=2x 3 - 3x 2 - 3x – 2

Let f(x)= 4x3-8x+10 and g(x)= 2x2+2x -6. Find (f-g)(x).

?
 Product of a Function
• If f and g are functions with domains and , respectively, their
product is the function defined by (f * g) (x) = f(x) * g(x).

Example 3. Let f(x) = and g(x) = . Find (f * g) (x)

 Quotient of a Function
• If f and g are functions with domain and , respectively,
excluding values of that will make g(x) zero, then, their
quotient is the functions defined as(

• Example 4. Let f (x) = and g (x) = . Find (

Perform the following fundamental
operations: f(x)= x2 – 1 : g(x)= x2 - x
• A. (f+g) (x)

• B. (f-g) (x)

• C. (f.g)(x)

• D. (f/g)(x)
Quiz No. 3
• Directions: Perform the following fundamental operations on each given functions.

a. (f + g) (x) c. (f.g) (x)

b. (f – g) (x)

1. f(x)= x + 1: g(x)= 2x – 3
2. f(x)=3 x - 1: g(x)= 4 – 2x
3. f(x)= x 2 + 1: g(x)= x – 3
4. f(x)=2x 2 -3x : g(x)= x 2 – 1
5. f(x)=x - 2 : g(x)= x - 3
 Unit 2:
Rational
Functions
 Rational Equations
• An equation that contains rational expressions is referred
to as rational equation. The following are examples of
rational equations:
I. 2x = 4 II. x = 4 III. 2x = 1
15 5 2-x 4 x+4 4
Note: In solving rational equations, multiply
each term of the equation by the least
common denominator (LCD). Then, solve the
resulting equation.
• Example No. 1
Find the solutions of the following rational equations.
1 = 2
X 3x-1
Note: In solving rational equations, multiply
each term of the equation by the least
common denominator (LCD). Then, solve the
resulting equation.
• Example No. 2
Find the solutions of the following rational equations.
X-2 = 1
2x + 4 5
Note: In solving rational equations, multiply
each term of the equation by the least
common denominator (LCD). Then, solve the
resulting equation.
• Example No. 3
Find the solutions of the following rational equations.
X+2 = 1
2x – 7 5
Exercise:
1. X-6 = 1 4. x+7 = 4
2x + 7 4 5x-2 5

2. 2X-3 = 1 5. 7x+4 = 7
3x - 2 6 2x 1
3. 2X-7 = 1
2x - 5 2
RATIONAL INEQUALITIES
• A rational inequality is a rational expression
with an inequality sign and a fraction in either
the numerator, denominator, or both.
 General Forms
• If f(x) is a rational function, the four general forms of
rational inequalities are:
• f(x) > 0
• f(x) < 0
• f(x) ≥ 0
• f(x) ≤ 0
 Solving
While solving rational inequalities, we follow most of the
steps we use in linear inequalities.
• We first write them in the general form and then find the
critical values (or the zeros of both the numerator and the
denominator). The solution is then plotted on the number
line to verify the interval that satisfies the given inequality.
• Additionally, we must remember that when multiplying and
dividing by a negative number, the inequality sign
reverses. Also, we must find the value(s), which might
make the expression undefined.
Find the zeroes of the following
Rational Inequalities.

1.) 20 ≤ 1 3.) -10 ≥ 3

x x

2.) 16 ≤ -3 4.) 24 ≥ -7
x x
Exercise!
Find the zeroes of the following Rational
Inequalities.

1.) 24 ≤ 1 3.) -12 ≥ 3

x x

2.) 36 ≤ -3 4.) 14 ≥ -7
x x