Intro to Stone II 2021

INTRODUCTION TO STONE II
Held in conjunction with

Natural Stone Institute
YOUR SPEAKER
Name
Company
Phone
Email
[INSERT YOUR
COMPANY LOGO HERE]
OUR VISION
Provide accurate & ongoing education
about the value, benefits, and best
practices of using natural stone as a
building material to architects,
designers, and other professionals in
the construction industry.
YOUR SPEAKER
In order to become certified by
Natural Stone Institute, your
speaker must complete a strategic
training process followed by an
oath that outlines his/her
responsibilities and a promise to
uphold Natural Stone Institute’s
educational standards.
CONTINUING EDUCATION
INFORMATION
• AIA Course Number: NSI34, 1 LU|HSW

• IDCEC: CEU-105873, Subject Code: 5.3, 0.1 HSW
CEU
• LA CES Course Number: ASLA1, 1.0 HSW PDH
• Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA
members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are
available upon request.
• This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it
does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or
endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of
handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.
___________________________________________
Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.
• This presentation is also an approved American Society of Landscape
Architects (LA CES) Continuing Education Program
NATURAL STONE
UNIVERSITY
Please visit the Natural Stone University for more on
demand learning.
https://naturalstoneinstitute.org/university
DESCRIPTION
This one-hour class is designed for architects, landscape
architects, and interior designers desiring to gain a full
understanding of natural stone as a building material.
Attendees will better understand stone testing
requirements needed for some residential, commercial,
interior and exterior applications. They will also learn
about many common applications of natural stone
including walking surfaces, vertical surfaces, furniture and
countertops.
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
1. Explain Stone Testing and Quality Control Methods
2. Identify Common Applications of Natural Stone -
Exterior, Interior, Residential, & Commercial
3. Learn about Walking Surfaces (Flooring, Stairs, &
Thresholds) & Vertical Surfaces (Adhered Systems,
Anchored Systems, and Stone Thickness)
4. Explain Common Considerations Needed for Stone
Furniture and Countertops
Testing and Properties
Absorption
The amount of water taken on by the stone when in a
saturated condition, expressed as the percentage of
weight difference between the saturated and dry
conditions (Ref: ASTM C 97)
ASTM C 97
Density
The unit weight of the stone, expressed as kg/m3

or lbs./ft3 (Ref: ASTM C 97)
Compressive Strength
The failure stress when the

stone sample is loaded
under uniaxial
compression, reported as
MPa or lbs./in²
(Ref: ASTM C170)
Bending Strength
The flexural breaking stress of a stone sample

under a bending load
(Ref: ASTM C 880, or C99)
C 880 Flexural C 99 Modulus of
Strength Test Rupture Test
l l
l l l l
/4 /4 /2 /2
Load
Load Load
d
d
R1 R2 R1 R2
MOMENT MOMENT
SHEAR SHEAR
Bending Strength Tests
C 99
Modulus of
Rupture
C 880 Flexural
Strength
Friction
Static Coefficient of Friction:
A ratio of the horizontal (tangential) force to the
vertical (normal) force at which time movement is
initiated between the stone surface and a specified
secondary surface of a given tribometer fixture
(Ref: ANSI A326.3)
ANSI A326.3 Procedure
Anchor Strength
Total load (N or lbs.) upon failure of the anchor/stone

connection during uniform and smooth force
application
(Ref: ASTM C 1354)
ASTM C 1354 Anchor Test
Weathering Resistance
• The ability of the stone to sustain visual appearance and
structural performance when subjected to effects of
natural weathering
• The effects of weathering can be synthesized in the
laboratory in an accelerated procedure, although the best
evaluation is that of existing exemplar buildings in similar
climatic conditions
Applications
Exterior Residential
Commercial Interior
Applications
• Walking Surfaces
• Vertical Surfaces
• Furniture & Countertops

Applications
Walking Surfaces
• Floors
• Stairs
• Thresholds
Applications
Flooring Installations
Thick-Bed Systems
• Plastic (wet) beds
• Dry-Pack Beds
• Granular (sand) Beds
Thin-Set methods
• Portland/Water based
• Epoxy Based
Pedestal Systems
Applications
Setting Pavers in Dry-Pack Bed
Applications
Key Properties in
Walking Surfaces
• Abrasion Resistance
• Friction
Applications
Joints in Flooring
¼” minimum for exterior
• Normally grouted
/16” minimum for interior
1
• Normally grouted
Expansion joints
• At transition between dissimilar materials
• Within field of stone pavers
Applications
Interior Flooring
1
/8” Caulked Joints @
Material Transition
1
/16” Grouted Joints
Applications
Vertical Surfaces
• Exterior Cladding
• Interior Wall Facing / Wainscot
• Trim & Accessories
• Sills
• Coping
• Water tables
• Medallions
Applications
Vertical Surfaces Complete Façade
Trim
Applications
Vertical Surfaces
Adhered Systems
• Interior or Exterior
• Not recommended by MIA over 15’-0” high
• Check Applicable Codes
Applications
Vertical Surfaces – Anchored
Systems
Perimeter Back Anchors
Anchorage • Threaded
• Straps • Hairpin (Precast)
• Pins/Dowels
• Aluminum Extrusions
• Shelf Angles
Anchors & Accessories
Applications
Vertical Surfaces
Minimum Stone Thickness for Anchored

Systems
• Exterior: Generally 30 mm (1¼”)
• Interior: Generally 20 mm (3/4”)
Applications
Vertical Surfaces
Reasons to Increase Stone Thickness
• High Loads (wind or seismic)
• Large Panels
• Low Flexural Strengths
• Low Anchor Strengths
• Anticipation of Strength Degradation
• Architectural Features
Applications
Vertical Surfaces
ASTM D 2203 –
Sealant Stain Test
VERIFY NON-STAINING
SEALANT IS USED!
Applications
• Kitchen
• Bath
• Tables
• Service Counters
Applications
• Residential & commercial
• Polish finish overwhelmingly dominant
• 20 mm (3/4”) or 30 mm 1¼” thickness are most common

Applications
Furniture
and
Countertop
s
Applications
Furniture
and
Countertop
s
Furniture and
Countertops
Aggressive veining may

accentuate discontinuity
between pieces
Applications
• Field measurements accompanied by accurate
templates and approved, coordinated shop drawings
are normally necessary to ensure satisfactory fit
• Cabinets and all auxiliary components must be

available at the time of field measuring
Applications
Furniture
and
Countertop
s
Applications
Furniture and
Countertops
Installation
• Countertops are adhered
to cabinet frame or
subtop with elastomeric
sealant or construction
adhesive
Applications
Furniture and
Countertops
Installation
• Stone to stone joints,
normally 1/16”, are filled
with polyester resin, or
alternatively epoxy resin
or elastomeric sealant
Applications
Furniture and
Countertops
• Many fabricators will

include the application of
an impregnating sealer
to increase stain
resistance of the natural
stone
SUSTAINABILITY
Natural stone is nearly complete as a building material
in its natural state. It is recyclable, low maintenance, emits
no VOCs, and is one of the most durable materials on the
planet.
• How is natural stone manufactured?
• How are other building materials manufactured?
• Engineered Quartz, Concrete, Ceramic/Porcelain Tile, Glass,
Sintered Surface
SUSTAINABILITY
Danby Quarry
Dorset Mountain
Vermont Quarries
Corp
NATURAL STONE SUSTAINABILITY
STANDARD
• NSC/ANSI 373 Standard certifies the production and chain of
custody of dimension stone in accordance with the standard’s
metrics.
• Many companies have certified to this standard.
A list of certified materials and fabricators is available from the
Natural Stone Council:
www.naturalstonecouncil.org/sustainability
• The industry as a whole is working to encourage
compliance by all stone producers.
RESOURCES
• Standards Organizations
• Industry Associations
A/D RESOURCES
Qualified Labor Building Stone Magazine Natural Stone Resource

Find Accredited Companies & Free subscription to print and Library
Free download of Dimension Stone
Sample Specification Language digital editions Design Manual and other industry
resources
www.naturalstoneinstitu www.naturalstoneinstitu www.naturalstoneinstitu
te.org/qualifiedlabor te.org/ te.org/resourcelibrary
buildingstonemagazine
MORE COURSES OFFERED BY
NSI:
• Why Choose Natural Stone?
• The Art of Specifying Natural Stone
• Achieving Green Building Goals with Natural Stone
• Natural Stone Countertops
• Natural Stone Thin Veneer: The Basics
• Stone Care: What You Should Know
www.naturalstoneinstitute.org/programs/ceu-page/classes-avail
able/
xxxx
THANK YOU FOR COMING
TODAY!
Name
Company
Phone
Email
[INSERT YOUR
COMPANY LOGO HERE]

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INTRODUCTION TO STONE II

Held in conjunction with

• AIA Course Number: NSI34, 1 LU|HSW

The unit weight of the stone, expressed as kg/m3

The failure stress when the

The flexural breaking stress of a stone sample

Total load (N or lbs.) upon failure of the anchor/stone

• Furniture & Countertops

Minimum Stone Thickness for Anchored

• Polish finish overwhelmingly dominant

• 20 mm (3/4”) or 30 mm 1¼” thickness are most common

Aggressive veining may

• Cabinets and all auxiliary components must be

• Many fabricators will

Qualified Labor Building Stone Magazine Natural Stone Resource

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