SOFTWARE

It is a generic term used to refer to applications,

scripts and programs that run on a device.
Software, is a instructions that tell a computer
what to do. Software comprises the entire set of
programs, procedures, and routines associated
with the operation of a computer system
The two main categories of
software are
System software and
Application software.
 What is
the
diagram
Explain
about? the
connection of other
devices/hardware
to the operating
system.
 The diagram gives a graphical depiction or performance of the
interfaces or interact or connection between the operating system
and the computer component.

Operating system is the most important program that runs on a

computer. Every general-purpose computer must have an
operating system to run other programs. Operating systems
perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from the keyboard,
sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and
directories on the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as
disk drives and printers.
The operating system
is the core software
•What is
component of your
computer.
Operating
An operating system is System and
a software component
of a computer system its
that is responsible for
the management of
importance.
various activities of the
computer and the
 Operating
system is the
most Why?
important
program that
runs on a
computer.
 Why do
we need
operating
system?
OPERATING SYSTEM
-the most important software that runs
on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as
well as all of its software and hardware.
It also allows you to communicate with
the computer without knowing how to
speak the computer's language.
 Your computer will never
work or operate without an
operating system software.
 Types of
Operating
System
 There are many types of
operating systems. The
most common is the
Microsoft suite of
operating systems. They
include from most recent
to the oldest
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows 11 is the latest major release of

Microsoft's Windows NT operating system,
released on October 5, 2021. It succeeded
Windows 10 and is available for free for any
Windows 10 devices that meet the new
Windows 11 system requirements.
 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Windows 10 - Microsoft described Windows 10 as an "operating
system as a service" that would receive ongoing updates to its
features and functionality, augmented with the ability for
enterprise environments to receive non-critical updates at a
slower pace or use long-term support milestones that will only
receive critical updates, such as security patches, over their five-
year lifespan of mainstream support. It was released in July
2015.
 TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM

Windows 8 - It was released to manufacturing

on August 1, 2012, and was made available for
download via MSDN and TechNet on August 15,
2012. Nearly three months after its initial
release, Windows 8 finally made its first retail
appearance on October 26, 2012.
TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEM
Windows 7- Windows 7 is a major release of
the Windows NT operating system developed
by Microsoft. It was
released to manufacturing on July 22, 2009,
and became generally available on October
22, 2009.[9] It is the successor to
Windows Vista, released nearly three years
earlier.
Windows Vista Windows Vista is a major release
of Microsoft's Windows NT operating system. It
was released to manufacturing on November 8,
2006, and became generally available on
January 30, 2007, on the Windows Marketplace.
It contains many changes and new features,
including an updated graphical user interface
and visual style dubbed Windows Aero, improved
searching features, new multimedia creation
tools such as Windows DVD Maker, and
redesigned networking, audio, print, and display
sub-systemsVista also aims to increase the level
of communication between machines on a home
network, using peer-to-peer technology to
simplify sharing files and digital media between
computers and devices.
 Windows XP
• Windows XP Professional Edition - Windows XP
Professional Edition - A version used by many
businesses on workstations. It has the ability to
become a member of a corporate domain. Windows
XP is a major release of Microsoft's Windows NT
operating system. It was released to manufacturing
on August 24, 2001, and later to retail on October 25,
2001
• Windows XP Home Edition - A lower cost version of
Windows XP which is for home use only and should
not be used at a business.
 Windows ME
Windows Millennium Edition -
Windows ME - A upgraded
version from windows 98 but it
has been historically plagued
with programming errors which
may be frustrating for home
users. It is the successor
to Windows 98, and was released
to manufacturing on June 19,
2000, and then to retail on
September 14, 2000
 Windows 2000

• Windows 2000 - A better version of

the Windows NT operating system
which works well both at home and
as a workstation at a business. It
includes technologies which allow
hardware to be automatically
detected and other enhancements
over Windows NT. 2000-02-17
 Windows 98
This was produced in two main versions. The
first Windows 98 version was plagued with
programming errors but the Windows 98
Second Edition which came out later was
much better with many errors resolved. a
consumer-oriented operating system
developed by Microsoft as part of
its Windows 9x family of
Microsoft Windows operating systems. The
second operating system in the 9x line, it is
the successor to Windows 95, and was
released to manufacturing on May 15, 1998,
and generally to retail on June 25, 1998.
 Windows 95
 Windows 95 - The first
version of Windows after the
older Windows 3.x versions
offering a better interface
and better library functions
for programs. The first
operating system in the 9x
family, it is the successor
to Windows 3.1x, and was
released to manufacturing
on July 14, 1995,
 Windows NT
Windows NT - A version of
Windows made specifically for .
businesses offering better
control over workstation
capabilities to help network
administrators. Windows NT is a
proprietary graphical operating
system produced by Microsoft,
the first version of which was
released on July 27, 1993.
Operating Systems
not made by
Microsoft
 Unix - A system that has been around for
many years and it is very stable. It is primary
used to be a server rather than a
workstation and should not be used by
anyone who does not understand the
system. It can be difficult to learn. Unix must
normally run a computer made by the same
company that produces the software.
Linux - Linux is similar to Unix in
operation but it is free. It also
should not be used by anyone
who does not understand the
system and can be difficult to
learn.
Apple Macintosh - Most recent
versions are based on Unix but it has a
good graphical interface so it is both
stable (does not crash often or have as
many software problems as other systems
may have) and easy to learn. One
drawback to this system is that it can only
be run on Apple produced hardware.
Operating System
Functions
Resource Management: An operating system
manages a collection of computer hardware
resources by using a variety of programs. It
manages computer system resources,
including its CPU, primary memory, virtual
memory, secondary storage devices,
input/output peripherals, and other devices.
 Task Management: The function of the operating
system that controls the running of many tasks. It
manages one program or many programs within a
computer system simultaneously. That is, this function
of operating system manages the completion of users'
tasks. A task management program in an operating
system provides each task and interrupts the CPU
operations to manage tasks efficiently. Task
management may involve a multitasking capability.
File management: This is a function that
manages data files. An operating system
contains file management programs that
provide the ability to create, delete,
enter, change, ask, and access of files of
data. They also produce reports on a file.
User Interface: It is a function of an
operating system that allows users to
interact with a computer. A user
interface program may include a
combination of menus, screen design,
keyboard commands.
 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS
• multi-user : Allows two or more users to run programs at
the same time.
• multiprocessing : Supports running a program on more
than one CPU.
• multitasking : Allows more than one program to run
concurrently.
• multithreading : Allows different parts of a single program
to run concurrently.
• real time: Responds to input instantly. General-purpose
operating systems, such as DOS and UNIX, are not real-time.
 Virtual Memory
This is a technique for an operating system to manage
memory. An operating system simulates significantly
larger memory capability than the real memory
capacity of its actual primary storage unit. It allows
computers to process larger programs than the physical
memory circuit would allow.