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    NDT of Composite

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    Pavana Kumara
    This document summarizes non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for composite materials. It discusses various techniques such as visual testing, liquid penetrants, radiography, ultrasonics (high and low frequency), Fokker bond testing, infrared thermography, holography, and acoustic emission. Emerging technologies include computer simulations, neural networks, and data fusion. The effectiveness of an NDT technique depends on factors like the minimum detectable flaw size. A combination of techniques is often needed to fully evaluate composite structures.

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    NDT of Composite

    Uploaded by

    Pavana Kumara
    122 views24 pages
    This document summarizes non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for composite materials. It discusses various techniques such as visual testing, liquid penetrants, radiography, ultrasonics (high and low frequency), Fokker bond testing, infrared thermography, holography, and acoustic emission. Emerging technologies include computer simulations, neural networks, and data fusion. The effectiveness of an NDT technique depends on factors like the minimum detectable flaw size. A combination of techniques is often needed to fully evaluate composite structures.

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    Ndt of Composite

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    This document summarizes non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for composite materials. It discusses various techniques such as visual testing, liquid penetrants, radiography, ultrasonics (high and low frequency), Fokker bond testing, infrared thermography, holography, and acoustic emission. Emerging technologies include computer simulations, neural networks, and data fusion. The effectiveness of an NDT technique depends on factors like the minimum detectable flaw size. A combination of techniques is often needed to fully evaluate composite structures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    122 views24 pages

    NDT of Composite

    Uploaded by

    Pavana Kumara
    This document summarizes non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques for composite materials. It discusses various techniques such as visual testing, liquid penetrants, radiography, ultrasonics (high and low frequency), Fokker bond testing, infrared thermography, holography, and acoustic emission. Emerging technologies include computer simulations, neural networks, and data fusion. The effectiveness of an NDT technique depends on factors like the minimum detectable flaw size. A combination of techniques is often needed to fully evaluate composite structures.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 24

    A Seminar On Recent Advances in the NDT of Composite Materials

    By Bhavya K 2nd Sem.,AME,M.Tech. NITK,Surathkal

    Contents
                

    Introduction Visual testing Liquid penetrants Radiography High frequency ultrasonics Low frequency ultrasonics Fokker bond tester InfraInfra-red thermography Holography Acoustic emission Other NDT techniques Emerging technologies and challenges Conclusion

    Introduction
      

    Greater specific strength Higher modulus Better thermal properties

    Applications

    Defects
    Ply collation: Foreign objects Ply misorientations Ply wrinkling Curing: Porosity & voids Delaminations Matrix microcracking

    Adhesive bonding: Adhesive unbonds Foreign objects Core defects

    In-service: Delaminations Moisture/temperature degradation

    Machining & assembly: Delaminations Surface nicks Scratches

    VT & LPT
    

    VT : Defects exposed to the surface Magnifying glasses High intensity illuminators Fibroscopes using optical fibres LPT : Discontinuities open to the surface Cracks,porosity & delaminations exposed to the outer surface of FRP materials-dye penetrant tests materialsCheap & easy Minimum amount of inspection time

    Radiography
    

     

    Internal structure is seen by exposing the sample to a source of penetrating radiation & recording the shadow image on a radiographic film placed on the opposite side X-rays & Gamma rays Relaxation of fibres,foreign inclusions,delaminations,intern al cracks,voids etc. The thickness of FRP laminates & the exact no. of plies & their orientation can also be determined

    RealReal-time X-ray X

    Very fast,more accurate location & sizing of the defects

    Microfocus X-ray X

    Small source, great magnification ranging from 3X to 1000X

    Computed tomography
    

     

    Computer processing of the distribution of the X-ray transmission coefficient in a Xstructure using a series of viewing angles Resin content in FRP specimens Gamma rays Backscatter technique-uses techniqueCompton Backscatter phenomenon Beta particles transmitted are counted and then the attenuation studied The difference in absorption co-efficients cobetween the reinforcement and the resin for beta particles

    High Frequency Ultrasonics


    

     

    High energy sound waves PiezoPiezo-electric transducers CathodeCathode-ray tube PulsePulse-echo & through transmission methods Disbands,voids & cracks Characterisation studies of composites

    Low Frequency Ultrasonics


        

    Ultrasonic frequencies of the order of 25KHz Probes are pointed in shape No liquid couplant Phase & amplitude changes Locating & measuring the extent of debonds

    Fokker bond tester:


      

    Bond strength within an accuracy of +5% Honeycomb sandwich CFRP products Variation in US resonance frequency due to the effect of loading on the transducer

    InfraInfra-red Thermography
     

    Space applications Very fast,& non-contact nonmethod Large objects which are inaccessible Delamination,debonds, internal voids

    Holography
    

    Recording & reconstruction of an optical wavefront Duplicates the original wrt both amplitude & phase distribution Stored in a sensitive photographic plate (hologram) SubSub-surface defects in the FRP materials

    Acoustic Emission
    

     

    Proof pressure testing of composite pressure vessels used in space applications Detects dynamic flaws Can predict burst pressure to a high level of accuracy

    Using EMATs
     

     

    Requires no couplant,noncontact Measurements can be done with high degree of reproducibility Graphite-epoxy,glassGraphite-epoxy,glass-epoxy,CMC Detection of mechanical anisotropy,skin-core anisotropy,skinseparation of a honeycomb sandwich structure

    Laser shearography

    Disbond indication

    Industrial applications of shearography in inspection of aircraft components

    Helicopter rotorblade inspection system

    View inside the vacuum chamber withrotorblade in testing position

    Automatic shearography system for abradablePortable shearography system for field seals inspection inspection of composite materials

    Columbia accident
    

    high temperature degradation of carboncarboncarbon composites pinholes could have led to a weakening of leading edge wing panels made of carboncarboncarbon composite the panels could have been susceptible to damage by foam debris that hit the shuttle's left wing after liftoff.

    Other NDT Techniques


    

    Microwave techniques,eddy current techniques,liquid crystals,nuclear magnetic resonance principles,dry & air coupled ultrasonics,cure monitoring using dielectrometry & ultrasonics,ultrasonic tomography,laser ultrasonics etc.

    Emerging Technologies & Challenges


    

    Computer simulation models,neural networks,data fusion & inversion techniques Challenges:defect characterisation material property evaluation rapid scanning of large areas smart structures application residual stress measurement weathering & corrosion damage assessment

    Conclusion
    

    Adoption of NDT technique depends on a no. of parameters like minimum detectable flaw size & thickness of the part,type & direction of flaw,instrument availability & ease of implementing operation Used in conjunction to bring out the most successful evaluation of a composite structure

    References
     

    By Thomas C. Koshy www.laserwww.laser-ndt.co.uk/ images/laserimages/lasershearography.jpg www.umaine.edu

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