The document provides an overview of COBOL and IBM's Zero Downtime OS, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of mainframes, their operating systems, and various applications in sectors like banking and insurance. It also covers coding structures, data types, variable management, and commands used in COBOL programming. Additionally, it explains data declaration methods, arithmetic operations, and types of moves within the programming context.
The document provides an overview of COBOL and IBM's Zero Downtime OS, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of mainframes, their operating systems, and various applications in sectors like banking and insurance. It also covers coding structures, data types, variable management, and commands used in COBOL programming. Additionally, it explains data declaration methods, arithmetic operations, and types of moves within the programming context.
The document provides an overview of COBOL and IBM's Zero Downtime OS, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of mainframes, their operating systems, and various applications in sectors like banking and insurance. It also covers coding structures, data types, variable management, and commands used in COBOL programming. Additionally, it explains data declaration methods, arithmetic operations, and types of moves within the programming context.
The document provides an overview of COBOL and IBM's Zero Downtime OS, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of mainframes, their operating systems, and various applications in sectors like banking and insurance. It also covers coding structures, data types, variable management, and commands used in COBOL programming. Additionally, it explains data declaration methods, arithmetic operations, and types of moves within the programming context.
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COBOL
IBM ZERO DOWNTIME OS
INTRODUCTION
• Mainframe is also a server , large size Computer, it was developed
in the year 1950 by IBM for Business requirements 70 % of Businesses prefer mainframe ADVANTAGES
We Can Store large volumes of Data
High processing speed per second 4 lakh million instructions will be executed Where lakhs of users Can use at the same time Where mainframe has become an interface between many applications Java, Dot Net • It has high security DISADVANTAGES
Its a paid version
• Its an Old technology OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating Systems • In which we can use mainframe (IBM) • We use • MVS (Multi virtual System) MVS/ESA (Multi Virtual Storage) • ESA (Enterprise system Architecture) • ZERO DOWNTIME OS CONNECTING TO MAINFRAME
• One is through Internet
• Other is through Emulator CLASSIFICATION
• Backend –BATCH : • COBOL • VSAM • DB2 • JCL FRONT END
• Online • CICS • CUSTOMER INFORMATION CONTROL SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS
• In Coding sheet to store the Data & to develop the program
• where It consists of 24 rows 80 columns • we use Coding sheet where 24 rows are extendable 80 columns aren’t SYNTAX IDENTIFICATION
• 1-3 page numbers
• 4-6 line numbers • 1-6 Sequence Number • 7 *Comment • / New Lime • - Continuation • D – De bug DATATYPES INFORMATION
• Datatype. Range. Representation. Length quotes
• Alphabetic. ( A-z,sp,sc) A 35,535 “yes” • Numeric 0-9 9 18bytes. No • Alphanumeric 0-9,A-z,sc,so X 35,535 “yes” LEVEL NUMBERS
Ο1 – Group Level / Elementary
• 02-49 -Sub group • 77-Independent Pure Elementary • 66-Renames • 88-Conditional Names • {66,88} Special Level Numbers • NO Picture • class VARIABLES
Variable are where we store our values
Rules It Contains A-Z,0-9, -HYPHEN it should always start with a alphabet Maximum Length is 30 characters • It shouldn’t contain any Spaces • Variables are uses defined not system defined CONSTANTS
• Where the var value should not change from starting of the program to the end of the program • Literal constant - user-defined • Figurative constant -system defined • Literals can be further divided –Numeric , Non –numeric • Numeric –range 0-9, represented by 9, Max length 18 bytes • Non-numeric –max length 160 characters, represented by A SIGN ,DECIMAL
• Sign • Ex : -18 ✓ • : 18- ×
• Decimal • Ex : 1.2 ✓ • : . 06 ✓ • : 49. × • DATA DECLARATION • STATIC DECLARATION • We will assign the value to the particular at the time of variable declaration • 01 A PIC 9(2) VALUE 15
• DYNAMIC DECLARATION • At the runtime we will pass the variable value without using value class • 01 A PIC 9(3) • Accept • By using ACCEPT variable command we will accept the value • single accept command can be used for single variable, multiple accept command is used for multiple variable. DATASETS By using datasets we can create delete store programs We can store the data
PS Physical Sequential It is Similar to FLAT FILE Directory Block should always be zero To store the data & Reports To run a single program PDS : PARTIONED DATA SET
→ MULTIPLE PROGRAMS CAN BE RUN AT A TIME
→ DIRECTORY BLOCK PARAMETER SHOULD NOT BE NON-ZERO
LIBRARY
• It is a machine Level language
• It is similar to PDS Language • The record format should be U • which means undefined - Extend / LARGE / BASIC DIVISIONS
• Identification division • Environment division • Data division • Procedure division • Each and every program starts with ID identification division & program division • It is mandatory without this we cannot start program. • Date written • Date compile- → ON which date compile ENVIRONMENT DIVISION Optional divisions This should be followed by Identification division It contains configuration division & I/0 sections Config division - Source computer (Input computer) Object Computer(output computer) Special Names (@, #) DATA DIVISION
• Optional Division • Classified into 3 • file section • Working storage section • Linkage Section • It describes the structure • Mandatory in Vsam PROCEDURE DIVISION
Business Logics User defined paragraphs mandatory divisions COMMANDS F→ Find F3 → GO BACK F4 → SPOOL (output /ERROR MSG) F7 → Line by line TOP OF THE PROGRAM • F8 → Line by line BOTTOM OF THE PROGRAM • M+ F7 → DIRECTLY GOES TO THE TOP OF THE PROGRAM • M+FB → DIRECTLY GOES TO THE BOTTOM OF THE PROGRAM • F9 → SWAP • F10 → Move to the left side of the page • F11→ Move to the Right side of the page • F12 → SPLIT INSIDE THE CODING SHEET
I-INSERT R-REPEAT D-DELETE RES - RESET THE ROWS COLS - RESET THE COLUMS ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
• There are two ways we can compute this by using symbol or by using Verbs • SYMBOLS - + , - ,*,/ • Verbs – ADD , SUBTRACT , MULTIPY , DIVIDE • Compute C = A+B • Compute C = A-B • Compute C = A*B • Compute C = A/B PRE DEFINED VERBS
• ADD A TO B GIVING C • SUBTRACT B FROM A GIVING C • MULTIPLY A BY B GIVING C • DIVIDE A BY B GIVING REMAINDER R MOVE
Where more is nothing but assign the value to variable or copy/move Copy One variable value to another variable • Copy groups of variable into another group • We declare move in procedure division in Area B TYPES OF MOVES
• Where simple move assigning a value to a particular variable
• 01 A PIC. 9(2) • MOVE 10 TO A • DISPLAY A RELATIVE MOVE
It moves relatively from one variable to another variable
01 A PIC VALUE 9(3)
01 B PIC. VALUE 9(2) Move 10 To A Move A to B Display A Display B REFERENCE MODIFICATION MOVE
Here we copy selected characters length. cору from Variable 1 to Variable 2
• VAR1 SEL CHAR LEN = VAR2 SEL CHAR LEN • 01 A PIC X(25) VALUE “IBM MAINFRAME “ • O1 B PIC X (15) VALUE “MIND WAVE” • MOVE A(5:4) TO BC1:4) • DISPLAY A ->IBM MAINFRAME • DISPLAY B ->MAINWAVE GROUP MOVE
• Where we move a group of values into another variable with same datatype • 01 G-1 • 02. A. PIC. 9(2). VALUE 10 • 02. A. PIC. 9(2). VALUE 10 • 02. A. PIC. 9(2). VALUE 10 • 02 G-2 • 02. A. PIC. 9(2). • 02. A. PIC. 9(2). • 02. A. PIC. 9(2). • MOVE G-1 TO G-2 • DISPLAY CORRESPONDING MOVE
• Here the value moves when the data type is similar an
• 01 G-1 • 02 X PIC 9(2) VALUE 20 • 02 Y PIC 9(2) VALUE 90 • 02 Z PIC 9(2) VALUE 29 1 01 G-2 02 A PIC 9(2) • 02 Y PIC 9(2) 02 B PIC 9(2) MOVE CORR G-1 TO. G-2 DISPLAY G-2 QUALIFIER MOVE
• 01 G-1 • 02 A PIC 9(2) • 02 B PIC 9(2) • 02 C PIC 9(2) • 01 G-2 • 02 P PIC 9(2) • 02 B PIC 9(2) • 02 R PIC 9(2) • MOVE 50 TO B OF G -2 • DISPLAY G-2 • HERE WE MOVE THE ELEMENT FROM ONE GROUP TO ANOTHER GROUP IF VARIABLE DATATYPE MATCHES THANK YOU - BY SAIRAM
