TC of Electric Locomotives
TC of Electric Locomotives
TC of Electric Locomotives
INTRODUCTION
Driving forward of vehicle is called Traction and the system, which employs this type of mechanism is called Traction system classified broadly into two groups namely: (1)non-Electric traction systems (2)Electric traction systems
SEPEX
Short form of SEParate EXcitement of traction motors where the armature and field coils of an electric motor are fed with independently controlled current. This has been made much more useful since the introduction of thyristor control where motor control can be much more precise. SEPEX control also allows a degree of automatic wheel slip control during acceleration
THYRISTOR CONTROL
Schematic of AC Electric Locomotive Power System with Thyristor Control and Separately Excited DC Motors
DC Choppers
AC TRACTION MOTOR
AC Locomotives with AC Drive
DC TRACTION MOTOR
It consists of two parts, a rotating armature and a fixed field. The fixed field consists of tightly wound coils of wire fitted inside the motor case The armature is another set of coils wound round a central shaft. The armature is connected to the field through "brushes" which are spring loaded contacts pressing against an extension of the armature called the commutator.
DC Resistance Control
DC Power Circuit
Field Weakening
Rheostatic Braking
The motors become generators and feed the resulting current into an on-board resistance. When the driver calls for brake, the power circuit connections to the motors are changed from their power configuration to a brake configuration and the resistors inserted into the motor circuit. As the motor generated energy is dispersed in the resistors and the train speed slows, the resistors are switched out in steps, just as they are during acceleration.
Regenerative Braking
the motors become generators and feed the resulting current back into the supply system a train could use its motors to act as generators and that this would provide some braking effect if a suitable way could be found to dispose of the energy. Trains were designed therefore, which could return current, generated during braking, to the supply system for use by other trains.
CONCLUSION
no single motor is ideal for traction purposes. But; DC Series Motors are most suitable for this work Power Electronics have been resorted to in a major way as in case of thyristor control. Different types of braking for the traction system was studied.