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Chapter 2 – Functions

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Silasri Balakrishnan
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5 views

Chapter 2 – Functions

Uploaded by

Silasri Balakrishnan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 43

FUNCTION

CHAPTER 2: FUNCTION
 Objective

To be able to identify a function and to be able to graphically


represent
functions.

 Purpose

• To help describe input-output relations in real-world


applications
• To use functions to model and solve real-life problems.
RELATION
 Relation – pairs of quantities that are related to each other

 Example: The area A of a circle is related to its radius r by the


formula

A r . 2
FUNCTION

 There are different kinds of relations.

 When a relation matches each item from one set with exactly one
item from a different set the relation is called a function.
DEFINITION OF A FUNCTION
 A function is a relationship between two variables such that
each value of the first variable is paired with exactly one value
of the second variable.

 The domain is the set of permitted x values.

 The range is the set of found values of y. These can be called


images.
IS IT A FUNCTION?
Domain, x Range, y
1 -3.6
 For each x, there is only 2 -3.6
one value of y. 3 4.2
4 4.2
 Therefore, it IS a function. 5 10.7
6 12.1
52 52
IS IT A FUNCTION?
Domain, x Range, y
 Three different y-values (7, 8, 3 7
and 10) are paired with one x- 3 8
value.
3 10
4 42
 Therefore, it is NOT a function
10 34
11 18
52 52
EXAMPLE 1

{(5, 8), (6, 7), (3, -1), (4, 2), (5, 9), (12, -
2)}

 Is it a function? State the domain and range.


EXAMPLE 1 - SOLUTION

{(5, 8), (6, 7), (3, -1), (4, 2), (5, 9), (12, -
2)}

 Is it a function? State the domain and range.

 No. The x-value of 5 is paired with two different y-values.


 Domain: (5, 6, 3, 4, 12)
 Range: (8, 7, -1, 2, 9, -2)
VERTICAL LINE TEST

 Used to determine if a graph is a function.


 If a vertical line intersects the graph at more than
one point, then the graph is NOT a function.

NOT a Function
EXERCISE 1
Using vertical line method, justify if the graph below is a function.
Also, identify the domain and range of the graph.
EXERCISE 1 – SOLUTION
Using vertical line method, justify if the graph below is a function.
Also, identify the domain and range of the graph.

Function

Domain: [− 4,2]
DOMAIN AND RANGE

Domain:x≥1 Domain:−2≤x≤2
FUNCTIONAL NOTATION

 We have seen an equation written in the form y = some expression


in x.

 Another way of writing this is to use functional notation.

 For Example, you could write y = x² as f(x) = x².


FUNCTIONAL NOTATION
f (3x3)
f ( x)  2
 x2 f ( x) x  x  2
2

f ( 3) f ( m  3)

3 3   3 2
2
m  3  m  3 2
2

27  3  2 m  3m  3 m  3  2
30  2
m 2  3m  3m  9  m  3  2
32
m 2  5m  8
GRAPHICAL FUNCTION

Solving mathematical operation of multiple function using graph


EXAMPLE 2
Solve

f ( x) g ( x)
EXAMPLE 3
Solve

f ( x) g ( x)
EXAMPLE 4
Solve

f ( x) g ( x)
EXAMPLE 5
Solvef (−2)÷ g(0)

f ( x) g ( x)
PIECEWISE-DEFINED FUNCTION
 A piecewise-defined function is a function that is defined by two or more
equations over a specified domain.

f x   x
 The absolute value function

can be written as a piecewise-defined function.

 The basic characteristics of the absolute value function are summarized


on the next page.
PIECEWISE FUNCTION
EXAMPLE 6

 Evaluate the function when x = -1 and 0.


DOMAIN OF FUNCTION

 The domain of a function can be implied by the


expression used to define the function

 The implied domain is the set of all real numbers for


which the expression is defined.
EXAMPLE 7

 The function has an implied domain that consists of all real x other
than x = ±2

 The domain excludes x-values that result in division by zero.


EXAMPLE 8

x  0.
 Another common type of implied domain is that used to avoid even
roots of negative numbers.
 The domain excludes x-values that result in even roots of negative
numbers.
GRAPH OF FUNCTION
 Objective:

To graph a function using domain and range, even or odd, relative


min/max.

 Purpose:

To introduce methods to help graph a function.


DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION

What is the domain of the


graph of the function f?

A : [ −1 , 4 )
DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION

What is the range of the graph of the


function f?

A:
DOMAIN & RANGE OF A FUNCTION
Findf ( −1 ) ∧f ( 2 ) .

f (− 1 )=− 5

f ( 2 )= 4
INCREASING AND DECREASING FUNCTION

Falls from x = -2 to x = 0.

Is constant from x = 0 to x
= 2.

Rises from x = 2 to x = 4.
EXAMPLE 9
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing,
decreasing, or constant.

Increases over the positive


domain/range.
Decrease over the negative
EXERCISE 2
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.
EXERCISE 2 - SOLUTION
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.

INCREASING : ( − ∞, −1 ) ∧( 1 , ∞ )
DECREASING : ( − 1, 1 )
EXERCISE 3
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.
EXERCISE 3 - SOLUTION
Find the open intervals on which the function is increasing, decreasing,
or constant.

INCREASING : ( − ∞, 0 )
CONSTANT : [ 0 , 2 ]
DECREASING : ( 2 , ∞ )
RELATIVE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VALUE

 The point at which a function changes its increasing, decreasing, or


constant behavior are helpful in determining the relative maximum
or relative minimum values of a function.
RELATIVE MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM VALUE
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION
EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION

Let’s look at the graphs again and see if this applies.


EVEN AND ODD FUNCTION

Mirror at y-axis Mirror at origin Mirror at x-axis


(x,-x); point (x,-x); (y,-y) (y,-y); x
y maintained maintained
EXAMPLE 10
Determine whether each function is even, odd, or neither.
EXERCISE 4
Is the function Even, Odd, of Neither?

f x   x

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