Computer Application

Areas and
Technological Trends

MR. ASOKERE MAUTON

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, CSC 103
LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY 1
 Course Overview

Brief Introduction to Computer and software packages

Trends in Computer Technology

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 WHAT IS A COMPUTER ?

A computer is a programmable electronic device designed

to accept data, process the data based on set of instructions
and output the results. It can perform a wide range of tasks
including calculations, data storage, and communication.
Mainframes, desktop and laptops, tablets and smartphones
are some of the different types of computers.

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 Computers and their Generations

FIRST SECOND FOURTH

GENERATION GENERATION THIRD GENERATION GENERATION
(1940 - 1956) (1956 - 1964) (1964 - 1971) (1971 - Present)

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 Hardware and Software

Computer hardware

Software

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 Hardware

 Computer hardware refers to the physical components that make up a

computer system. These components work together to perform various tasks and
functions.
 Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Motherboard,
 Memory (RAM),
 Power Supply Unit,
 Graphics Processing Unit, etc..
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Hardware Components

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 Software

 Computer software refers to the collection of programs, data, and instructions

that tell a computer how to perform a specific tasks.

 Unlike hardware, which consists of the physical components of a computer,

software is intangible and exists in the form of code. Software can be
categorized into several types, each serving different purposes.

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 Software

 Software is sub divided into three 3

 System Software, Utility Software, Application Software
 System Software: manages computer hardware
• Operating Systems (OS) – Windows, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS
• Firmware – Software embedded in devices like BIOS, router firmware
• Device Drivers – Printer driver, Graphics driver
 Utility software: system software that helps optimize, manage, and maintain a computer’s performance
 Application Software: Designed for users to perform specific tasks.
 Productivity Software – Microsoft Office, Google Docs, Evernote
 Multimedia Software – Adobe Photoshop, VLC Media Player
 Web Browsers – Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari
 Communication Tools – Zoom, Microsoft Teams, WhatsApp
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 Trending Application Areas

1. Artificial Intelligence
2. Quantum Computing
3. Cloud Computing
4. Blockchain, Internet of Things (IoT)
5. Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality
6. 5G Technology
7. Cybersecurity
8. Edge Computing
9. Sustainability in Computing
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 Artificial Intelligence (AI)

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the simulation of human intelligence in machines, enabling

them to learn, reason, and make decisions. It powers technologies like chatbots, smart
assistants, recommendation systems, and self-driving cars. AI is transforming industries
by automating tasks, improving efficiency, and enabling advanced problem-solving.

 AI is everywhere, reshaping how we interact with technology. From smart assistants like
Siri and Alexa to AI-driven recommendations on Netflix and Amazon, people use AI daily,
often without realizing it.

 Beyond personal use, AI plays a major role in industries like healthcare, manufacturing,
and agriculture, improving efficiency and decision-making.

 It enables automation in businesses and helps applications learn and adapt over time. AI
is also driving new job opportunities and business innovations. 11
 Quantum Computing

 Quantum computing is a revolutionary type of computing that uses the principles of

quantum mechanics to process information.

 quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously due to
superposition not traditional methods

 They also leverage entanglement,, allowing qubits to be interconnected, enabling faster

and more complex computations.

 This makes quantum computers extremely powerful for solving problems like
cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization that are too difficult for classical
computers. While still in early development, quantum computing has the potential to
transform industries and scientific research.
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 Leading tech giants like Google and IBM have invested heavily in this technology.
 Cloud Computing

 Cloud computing is the delivery of computing services—such as storage,

processing power, and applications—over the internet instead of relying on
local hardware.

 It allows users to access data and software from anywhere, using remote
servers hosted by providers like Amazon Web Services (AWS), Google
Cloud, and Microsoft Azure.

 Cloud computing offers three main service models:

A. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): for virtual computing resources,
B. Platform as a Service (PaaS): for software development platforms, and
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Software as a Service (SaaS): for web-based applications like Google Drive
and Dropbox. It enhances flexibility, scalability, and cost efficiency for
 Cloud Computing

 Modern applications rely on cloud computing, allowing access to data and

services anytime without needing heavy hardware.

 Cloud computing offers three main service models: IaaS (e.g., AWS, Azure),
PaaS (e.g., Google App Engine), and SaaS (e.g., Microsoft 365, Dropbox).

 The future of cloud computing includes multi-cloud, hybrid cloud solutions,

and edge computing for improved flexibility and security. As technology
advances, cloud computing remains essential for seamless connectivity
and supporting future applications.
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Cloud Computing
 Blockchain Technology

 Blockchain technology is an advanced database system that enables

transparent and secure information sharing within a network.

 It stores data in linked blocks, maintaining chronological consistency since

changes require network consensus.

 This makes blockchain ideal for creating immutable ledgers to track orders,
payments, and transactions.

 Built-in security mechanisms prevent unauthorized entries and ensure

consistency. As a result, blockchain enhances trust, security, and efficiency
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in various industries.
 Internet of Things(IoT)

 The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a network of physical devices,

sensors, and software that connect and exchange data over the internet.
 These devices, which include smart home appliances, wearable gadgets,
industrial machines, and even vehicles, collect and share real-time
information to improve efficiency and automation.
 IoT enables smart solutions like remote monitoring, predictive
maintenance, and automation in industries such as healthcare, agriculture,
transportation, and smart cities.
 By using sensors and connectivity, IoT enhances decision-making, reduces
human effort, and increases convenience. However, security and data
privacy remain key challenges in IoT implementation. 17
 Virtual Reality

 Virtual Reality (VR) is a technology that creates a fully immersive digital

environment, allowing users to experience and interact with a simulated
world.

 It uses VR headsets like Oculus, HTC Vive, or PlayStation VR to block out

the real world and replace it with a computer-generated environment.

 VR is widely used in gaming, training simulations, virtual tours, and remote

collaboration.

 It enables users to explore virtual spaces, interact with objects, and even
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engage in real-time experiences. As VR technology evolves, it continues to
 Augmented Reality

 Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) are transforming how
people interact with the world by blending physical and digital
experiences.

 AR enhances real-world views with digital overlays, as seen in Pokemon GO

and virtual furniture placements.

 VR creates immersive environments, allowing users to explore virtual

worlds, play games, or attend remote meetings. The integration of AR and
VR with AI is driving advancements in education, entertainment, and
healthcare.
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 5G Technology: Enabling Faster Connections

 5G is the fifth-generation wireless technology that enables ultra-fast

speeds, low latency, and seamless communication.

 It powers innovations like autonomous vehicles, remote surgery, smart

cities, and large-scale IoT deployments by connecting billions of devices in
real time.

 5G is shaping a hyperconnected future, revolutionizing computing

applications and transforming industries.
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 Cyber-security

 With the rise of emerging technologies in 2025, cyber threats like hacking,
phishing, and ransomware are also increasing.

 Cybersecurity plays a crucial role in protecting data and systems from

these risks. The future of cybersecurity includes

 AI-driven defenses and blockchain-based security to ensure secure

transactions and data integrity. Staying aware of evolving threats and
solutions is essential. Cybersecurity will continue to be a foundation of
modern computer applications. 21
 Sustainability in Computing: The Green Revolution

The future of computer applications focuses not only on innovation

but also on sustainability and energy efficiency. With data centers
consuming massive power, green computing solutions aim to
reduce environmental impact through eco-friendly designs,
renewable energy, and efficient algorithms. Sustainable computing
is becoming a necessity rather than just a trend. It ensures
technological advancements align with environmental
responsibility.
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