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Data-Structures-and-Algorithms

The document provides an overview of data structures and algorithms, highlighting their importance in organizing and manipulating data. It covers various types of data structures, including linear and non-linear structures, as well as sorting and searching algorithms. Additionally, it discusses time and space complexity, abstract data types, and real-world applications in databases, search engines, social media, and e-commerce.

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Waheed Dahri
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

Data-Structures-and-Algorithms

The document provides an overview of data structures and algorithms, highlighting their importance in organizing and manipulating data. It covers various types of data structures, including linear and non-linear structures, as well as sorting and searching algorithms. Additionally, it discusses time and space complexity, abstract data types, and real-world applications in databases, search engines, social media, and e-commerce.

Uploaded by

Waheed Dahri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Structures

and Algorithms
Data structures are fundamental building blocks for organizing and
storing data in computer programs. Algorithms provide a set of
instructions for solving problems, often by manipulating data
structures.
Introduction to Data
Structures
1 Linear Data 2 Non-Linear Data
Structures Structures
Linear data structures Non-linear data structures
store elements in a allow for complex
sequential order, like relationships between
arrays and linked lists. elements, such as trees
and graphs.

3 Abstract Data Types


Abstract data types define a set of operations that can be
performed on data, without specifying the underlying
implementation.
Time and Space Complexity
Time Complexity Space Complexity Big O Notation

Time complexity describes how the Space complexity refers to the Big O notation is a standard way to
execution time of an algorithm amount of memory an algorithm express the upper bound of an
grows with the input size. requires to operate, also algorithm's time or space
dependent on input size. complexity.
Sorting Algorithms
Bubble Sort 1
Simple but inefficient, compares adjacent elements
and swaps if out of order.
2 Merge Sort
Divide and conquer approach, recursively divides the
array, sorts subarrays, and merges them.
Quick Sort 3
Pivoting technique, partitions the array around a
pivot element, recursively sorting subarrays.
Searching Algorithms
Linear Search Binary Search
Iterates through each Efficiently searches a sorted
element in a list, comparing list by repeatedly dividing
it to the target value. the search interval in half.

Hash Tables
Use a hash function to map keys to indices in an array,
providing near-constant time search operations.
Stacks, Queues, and Trees
Stack First-In, Last-Out Used for function
(FILO) call stacks,
undo/redo
operations

Queue First-In, First-Out Used for managing


(FIFO) tasks, handling
requests in a
specific order

Tree Hierarchal structure Used for


organizing data,
searching, and
representing
relationships
Arrays and Linked Lists
Arrays
Arrays store elements in contiguous memory
locations, providing fast access but limited flexibility.

Linked Lists
Linked lists store elements in nodes that point to each
other, allowing for dynamic resizing and efficient
insertion/deletion.

Applications
Arrays are used for storing lists of items, while linked
lists are useful for implementing stacks, queues, and
other data structures.
Applications and Real-
World Examples

Databases Search Engines


Data structures like trees and Algorithms like PageRank and TF-
hash tables are used to organize IDF are used to rank search
and retrieve data efficiently. results.

Social Media Platforms E-commerce Websites


Data structures like graphs are Algorithms like recommendation
used to represent connections engines are used to personalize
between users. shopping experiences.

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