Five-Minute Check (over Lesson 4-2)

Then/Now
New Vocabulary
Key Concept: Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle
Example 1: Evaluate Trigonometric Functions Given a Point
Key Concept: Common Quadrantal Angles
Example 2: Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of Quadrantal Angles
Key Concept: Reference Angle Rules
Example 3: Find Reference Angles
Key Concept: Evaluating Trigonometric Functions of Any Angle
Example 4: Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric Values
Example 5: Use One Trigonometric Value to Find Others
Example 6: Real-World Example: Find Coordinates Given a Radius and an Angle
Key Concept: Trigonometric Functions on the Unit Circle
Example 7: Find Trigonometric Values Using the Unit Circle
Key Concept: Periodic Functions
Example 8: Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions
• quadrantal angle
• reference angle
• unit circle
• circular function
• periodic function
• period
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions Given a
Point
Let (–4, 3) be a point on the terminal side of an
angle θ in standard position. Find the exact values
of the six trigonometric functions of θ.
Pythagorean Theorem
x = –4 and y = 3
Take the positive square root.

Use x = –4, y = 3, and r = 5 to write the six

trigonometric ratios.
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions Given a
Point

Answer:
Let (–3, 6) be a point on the terminal side of an
angle Ө in standard position. Find the exact values
of the six trigonometric functions of Ө.
A.

B.

C.

D.
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of
Quadrantal Angles
A. Find the exact value of cos π. If not defined,
write undefined.
The terminal side of π in standard position lies on the
negative x-axis. Choose a point P on the terminal side
of the angle. A convenient point is (–1, 0) because
r = 1.
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of
Quadrantal Angles

Cosine function

x = –1 and r = 1

Answer: –1
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of
Quadrantal Angles
B. Find the exact value of tan 450°. If not defined,
write undefined.
The terminal side of 450° in standard position lies on
the positive y-axis. Choose a point P(0, 1) on the
terminal side of the angle because r = 1.
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of
Quadrantal Angles

Tangent function

y = 1 and x = 0

Answer: undefined
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of
Quadrantal Angles

C. Find the exact value of . If not defined,

write undefined.

The terminal side of in standard position lies

on the negative y-axis. The point (0, –1) is convenient
because r = 1.
 Evaluate Trigonometric Functions of
Quadrantal Angles

Cotangent function

x = 0 and y = –1

Answer: 0
Find the exact value of sec If not defined, write
undefined.

A. –1

B. 0

C. 1

D. undefined
 Find Reference Angles

A. Sketch –150°. Then find its reference angle.

A coterminal angle is –150° + 360° or 210°. The
terminal side of 210° lies in Quadrant III. Therefore, its
reference angle is 210° – 180° or 30°.

Answer: 30°
 Find Reference Angles

B. Sketch . Then find its reference angle.

The terminal side of lies in Quadrant II. Therefore,

its reference angle is .

Answer:
Find the reference angle for a 520o angle.

A. 20°

B. 70°

C. 160°

D. 200°
 Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values
A. Find the exact value of .

Because the terminal side of  lies in Quadrant III, the

reference angle
 Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values
In Quadrant III, sin θ is negative.

Answer:
 Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values
B. Find the exact value of tan 150º.
Because the terminal side of θ lies in Quadrant II, the
reference angle θ' is 180o – 150o or 30o.
 Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values
tan 150° = –tan 30° In Quadrant II, tan θ is negative.

tan 30°

Answer:
 Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values
C. Find the exact value of .

A coterminal angle of which lies in

Quadrant IV. So, the reference angle

Because cosine and secant are reciprocal functions

and cos θ is positive in Quadrant IV, it follows that

sec θ is also positive in Quadrant IV.

Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values

In Quadrant IV, sec θ is positive.

 Use Reference Angles to Find Trigonometric
Values

Answer:

CHECK You can check your answer by using a

graphing calculator.
Find the exact value of cos .

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Use One Trigonometric Value to Find Others

Let , where sin θ > 0. Find the exact

values of the remaining five trigonometric
functions of θ.

To find the other function values, you must find the

coordinates of a point on the terminal side of θ. You
know that sec θ is positive and sin θ is positive, so θ
must lie in Quadrant I. This means that both x and y
are positive.
 Use One Trigonometric Value to Find Others

Because sec  =
and x = 5 to find y.

Pythagorean Theorem

r= and x = 5

Take the positive square root.

 Use One Trigonometric Value to Find Others

Use x = 5, y = 2, and r = to write the other five

trigonometric ratios.
 Use One Trigonometric Value to Find Others

Answer:
Let csc θ = –3, tan θ < 0. Find the exact values o
the five remaining trigonometric functions of θ.

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Find Coordinates Given a
Radius and an Angle
ROBOTICS A student programmed a 10-inch long
robotic arm to pick up an object at point C and
rotate through an angle of 150° in order to release
it into a container at point D. Find the position of
the object at point D, relative to the pivot point O.
 Find Coordinates Given a
Radius and an Angle

Cosine ratio

 = 150° and r = 10

cos 150° = –cos 30°

Solve for x.
 Find Coordinates Given a
Radius and an Angle

Sin ratio

θ = 150° and r = 10

sin 150° = sin 30°

5=y Solve for y.

 Find Coordinates Given a
Radius and an Angle

Answer: The exact coordinates of D are .

The object is about 8.66 inches to the left of
the pivot point and 5 inches above the pivot
point.
CLOCK TOWER A 4-foot long minute hand on a
clock on a bell tower shows a time of 15 minutes
past the hour. What is the new position of the end
of the minute hand relative to the pivot point at 5
minutes before the next hour?

A. 6 feet left and 3.5 feet above the pivot point

B. 3.4 feet left and 2 feet above the pivot point

C. 3.4 feet left and 6 feet above the pivot point

D. 2 feet left and 3.5 feet above the pivot point

 Find Trigonometric Values Using the Unit
Circle
A. Find the exact value of . If undefined,
write undefined.

corresponds to the point (x, y) = on

the unit circle.

sin t = y Definition of sin t

sin y= .

Answer:
 Find Trigonometric Values Using the Unit
Circle
B. Find the exact value of . If undefined,
write undefined.

corresponds to the point (x, y) = on the

unit circle.
cos t = x Definition of cos t

cos

Answer:
 Find Trigonometric Values Using the Unit
Circle
C. Find the exact value of . If undefined,
write undefined.

Definition of tan t.
 Find Trigonometric Values Using the Unit
Circle
Simplify.

Answer:
 Find Trigonometric Values Using the Unit
Circle
D. Find the exact value of sec 270°. If undefined,
write undefined.
270° corresponds to the point (x, y) = (0, –1) on the
unit circle.

Definition of sec t

x = 0 when t = 270°

Therefore, sec 270° is undefined.

Answer: undefined
Find the exact value of tan . If undefined, write
undefined.

A.

B.

C.

D.
 Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions

A. Find the exact value of .

Rewrite as the sum of a

number and 2π.

+ 2π map to the same

point (x, y) = on the
unit circle.

cos t = x and x =
 Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions

Answer:
 Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions

B. Find the exact value of sin(–300).

sin (–300o) = sin (60o + 360o(–1)) Rewrite –300o as the

sum of a number
and an integer
multiple of 360o.

= sin 60o 60o and 60o

+ 360o(–1) map to the
same point
(x, y) =

on the unit
 Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions

= sin t = y
and y = when t =
60o.

Answer:
 Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions

C. Find the exact value of .

Rewrite as the sum of a

number and 2 and an integer
multiple of π.

map to the

same point (x, y) =

on the unit circle.

 Use the Periodic Nature of Circular Functions

Answer:
Find the exact value of cos

A. 1

B. –1

C.

D.