AUTOMATED IRRIGATION

SYSTEM USING ARDUINO

MICROCONTROLLER
• INTRODUCTION
• Irrigation is the process by which a farmer through whatever means provides water for his plants.
In modern days irrigation has gone on to involve technological assistance in the form of sprinklers,
drones, drip etc.
• Unfortunately, most of these methods still have a large amount of manual involvement with
farmers for example, turning on the tap or controlling the drone. and in the case of the sprinklers
use timers. The issue with both these methods is that they do not include the condition of the
plant that would require it to need resupply of water.++++
• The proposed solution from this project is a SMART system which will measure various
parameters that are important to a plant and then depending on the reading, it will provide the
required amount of water to the plant using the available water supply.
• This project will reduce loss of produce due to being able to constantly supply the optimum
amount of water to the plants at the ideal time. Moreover, this will be done by taking away the
need to water the plants either by ‘feel’ or based on timing, which might not always be
appropriate.
• STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
• In the face of increasing global water scarcity, inefficient irrigation practices in agriculture pose
significant issues to sustainable food production and environmental conservation. Normal
irrigation practices often lead to either under or over watering, which wastes resources, reduces
crop yields and also causes soil degradation and water pollution to name a few.
• Despite technological advances, many farmers both in Nigeria and abroad rely on outdated
irrigation practices that do not account for changing environmental conditions. This technological
divide causes serious losses and aggravates the challenges of climate change, further affecting
water availability and crop resilience.
• Hence, there is a need for the development of a smart irrigation system that will leverage recent
technologies such as sensors, data analytics and micro-controllers. These systems can provide
real-time monitoring and automated irrigation solutions attuned to the specific needs of the
crops, thereby optimizing water usage and increasing productivity.
• This research aims to investigate the design, implementatio and effectiveness of smart irrigation
systems addressing these issues in modern agriculture.
• RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• How effective are smart irrigation systems in reducing water
consumption compared to traditional irrigation methods?
• What are the most critical parameters that shoud be monitored to
optimize irrigation scheduling, and how can they be accurately
measured using sensors?
• What are the most cost-effective and energy efficient components for
building a smart irrigation system and how can they be integrated in a
scalable and modular design?
• What are the barriers to the adoption of smart irrigation systems
among farmers and how can they be addressed through education,
financial incentives and policy support?
• AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
• To design and implement a smart irrigation system that utilizes modern
technology to automate irrigation processes based on real-time soil moisture and
environmental data.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of smart irrigation systems in reducing water
consumption compared to traditional irrigation methods aiming for a minimum of
20% reduction.
• To promote sustainable agricultural practices and assess the impact of smart
irrigation systms on achieving Sustainable Development Goals related to water
management and food security, focusing on environmental conservation as well
as resource efficiency.
• To facilitate the transfer of knowledge and adoption of technology, through the
identification of barriers to the technologies among farmers and then develope
educational programs and financial incentives to promote the integration of
these systems into conventional farming practices.
 • LITERATURE AND REVIEW
• Recent studies have highlighted th effectiveness of microcontroller based smart irrigation
systems that optimized water usage and enhance productivity.
• The paper written by Debo-Saiye et al (2020) presents an Arduino-based Smart Drip Irrigation
System automates water supply to crop by continuously monitoring the moisture level in the
soil. It used a pumping mechanism activated by soil moisutre sensors, making sure that crops
receive appropriate water supply while minimizing intervention by humans. the findings
indicated a significant reduction in water wastage and crop loss.
• Moreover, the research conducted by Kavya Monisha et al (2018) describes a smart irrigation
systme utilizing Arduino Uno to automate irrigation processes. This system aso monitors soil
moisture and activates a water motor when moisture levels drop sending a signal when
intervention is needed. The authors stressed that this approach also prevented soil degradation
caused by over irrigation making it a sustainable panacea for modern agriculture.
• Finally, the paper titled “Intelligent Irrigation System Based on Microcontroller” by Susheel
Sriram Ananthan presents a comprehensive approach by using a smart microcontroller as an
information threshold for automation of irrigation based on predetermined thresholds along
with a Human-Machine Interface to provide options for both automatic and manual irrigation
modes as well as to monitor soil moisture levels and other parameters easily.
 • READING GRID
source information Susheel Sriram Ananthan Debo-Saiye,O.T. et al Kavya Monisha et al

research topic intelligent irrigation system based on Implementation of an Smart Irrigation System using Arduino Uno
microcontroller arduino-based smart drip
irrigation system

methodology • India • Nigeria • India

• Measures soil moisture and water • the system continuously • measures soil moisture and sends out
level automating irrigation based on monitored soil moisture signals to turn on the water motor
real time data and activated a pumping when levels are low and to switch it off
mechanism for at the appropriate time.
irrigation.

findings • the system effectively automates • the automated system • it helps with crop growth and reduces
irrigation, conserves water and reduces water usage loss.
monitors conditons in real-time. and enhances crop • it also prevents over-irrigation.
• the HMI enhances user interaction growth due to timely
allows for other parameters that irrigation
affect production to be viewed such as
temperature and humidity

limitations performance may depend on the sensors the systems did not have an limited functionality without remote
reliability and need stable power supply automated control therefore monitoring capabilities.
it needed to be turned off
manually.

areas for future research integration of weather forecasting system scalability and adaptability optimization of energy efficiency and
to various crop types. renewable energy integration
BLOCK DIAGRAM

When moisture level is

below or at the threshold
value
Water valve off
• EXPLANATION OF BLOCK
DIAGRAM
• In the block diagram above what was shown was a graphical
representation of the process which the system will go through.
• To begin with each of the sensors will read their various values and
then send that value to the microcontroller. Of the five sensors there 2
are solely to give the farmer information on their plants’ environmental
conditions, while the other 3 are for judging when the pump should be
turned on as well as to be displayed to the farmer on the LCD.
• Thus, if the values from the 3 sensors are not satisfactory the pump will
be activated and once the proper threshold value has been reached it
will shut off to prevent over irrigation.
• CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
• FLOW CHART
• RESULT
• From the various tests carried out with the sensors we have achieved
a 60% success rate with the activation with varying simulated
environments.

• Despite the success, we wish to be able to connect this system to a

wireless network which will allow users to see the conditions of their
crops from their devices. As well as connect the system to a satellite
to get more accurate feed for the weather forecasting.